MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 Sep 28;56(38):996-1001.
In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis worldwide. Subsequently, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO) reduced the global incidence of polio associated with wild polioviruses (WPVs) from an estimated 350,000 cases in 1988 to 1,998 reported cases in 2006 and reduced the number of countries that have never succeeded in interrupting WPV transmission to four (Afghanistan, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan). However, because vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) can produce polio outbreaks in areas with low rates of Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) coverage and can replicate for years in immunodeficient persons, enhanced strategies are needed to limit emergence of VDPVs and stop all use of OPV once WPV transmission is eliminated. This report updates a summary of VDPV activity published in 2006 and describes VDPVs detected during January 2006-August 2007.
1988年，世界卫生大会决定在全球根除脊髓灰质炎。随后，世界卫生组织（WHO）的全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动将与野生脊髓灰质炎病毒（WPV）相关的脊髓灰质炎全球发病率从1988年估计的35万例降至2006年报告的1998例，并将从未成功阻断WPV传播的国家数量减少到四个（阿富汗、印度、尼日利亚和巴基斯坦）。然而，由于疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒（VDPV）可在口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗（OPV）覆盖率低的地区引发脊髓灰质炎疫情，且可在免疫功能低下者体内复制数年，因此需要加强策略以限制VDPV的出现，并在消除WPV传播后停止所有OPV的使用。本报告更新了2006年发布的VDPV活动总结，并描述了2006年1月至2007年8月期间检测到的VDPV。
