Dejours P, Beekenkamp H
Respir Physiol. 1977 Jun;30(1-2):241-51. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(77)90033-0.
Crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus, for several hours breathed water equilibrated either with a hypoxic gas mixture, or air, or oxygen. The hydrostatic pressure in the right epibranchial cavity was recorded and the left epibranchial water sempled from time to time. The higher the water oxygenation, the less the duration of ventilation, the frequency of the scaphognathite beats which ensure water convection, the negative of the water hydrostatic pressure relative to ambient water pressure, and the respired water flow. The water convection per unit quantity of oxygen consumed decreased by a factor of about 20 when the animal passed from hypoxic water at PO2 of 72 torr to hyperoxic water at PO2 of 697 torr. Prolonged hyperoxia, up to 100 days, results in a hypercapnic acidosis of the prebranchial blood. pH decreased about 0.2 unit, PCO2 increased from 2.5 torr to a value of 6 torr, and [HCO-3] from 6 to a value of 9 meq-L-1. This hypercapnic acidosis remained uncompensated during several weeks exposure to hyperoxia. Observations on the fresh water crayfish, a marine crab, and several species of fish, suggest that in aquatic animals (1) the ventilatory activity depends greatly on the degree of water oxygenation: the higher the water oxygenation, the lower the ventilation; (2) the change of ventilation may be accompanied by a new equilibrium of the blood acid-base status, quite different from that observed in normoxia.
将螯虾（Astacus leptodactylus）置于分别与低氧气体混合物、空气或氧气达到平衡的水中呼吸数小时。记录右鳃上腔的静水压力，并不时采集左鳃上腔的水样。水的氧合程度越高，通气持续时间、确保水对流的颚舟片搏动频率、水的静水压力相对于周围水压的负值以及呼吸水流就越低。当动物从氧分压为72托的低氧水转移到氧分压为697托的高氧水时，每消耗单位量氧气的水对流减少约20倍。长达100天的长期高氧会导致鳃前血液出现高碳酸血症性酸中毒。pH值下降约0.2个单位，二氧化碳分压从2.5托升至6托，碳酸氢根离子浓度从6毫当量/升升至9毫当量/升。在暴露于高氧的数周内，这种高碳酸血症性酸中毒一直未得到代偿。对淡水螯虾、一种海蟹和几种鱼类的观察表明，在水生动物中：（1）通气活动很大程度上取决于水的氧合程度：水的氧合程度越高，通气越低；（2）通气的变化可能伴随着血液酸碱状态的新平衡，这与常氧状态下观察到的情况有很大不同。
