利用生物动力学模型和尿排泄测量对210钋进行内剂量评估。
Internal dose assessment of 210Po using biokinetic modeling and urinary excretion measurement.
作者信息
Li Wei Bo, Gerstmann Udo, Giussani Augusto, Oeh Uwe, Paretzke Herwig G
机构信息
GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
出版信息
Radiat Environ Biophys. 2008 Feb;47(1):101-10. doi: 10.1007/s00411-007-0133-0. Epub 2007 Sep 25.
The mysterious death of Mr. Alexander Litvinenko who was most possibly poisoned by Polonium-210 ((210)Po) in November 2006 in London attracted the attention of the public to the kinetics, dosimetry and the risk of this high radiotoxic isotope in the human body. In the present paper, the urinary excretion of seven persons who were possibly exposed to traces of (210)Po was monitored. The values measured in the GSF Radioanalytical Laboratory are in the range of natural background concentration. To assess the effective dose received by those persons, the time-dependence of the organ equivalent dose and the effective dose after acute ingestion and inhalation of (210)Po were calculated using the biokinetic model for polonium (Po) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the one recently published by Leggett and Eckerman (L&E). The daily urinary excretion to effective dose conversion factors for ingestion and inhalation were evaluated based on the ICRP and L&E models for members of the public. The ingestion (inhalation) effective dose per unit intake integrated over one day is 1.7 x 10(-8) (1.4 x 10(-7)) Sv Bq(-1), 2.0 x 10(-7) (9.6 x 10(-7)) Sv Bq(-1) over 10 days, 5.2 x 10(-7) (2.0 x 10(-6)) Sv Bq(-1) over 30 days and 1.0 x 10(-6) (3.0 x 10(-6)) Sv Bq(-1) over 100 days. The daily urinary excretions after acute ingestion (inhalation) of 1 Bq of (210)Po are 1.1 x 10(-3) (1.0 x 10(-4)) on day 1, 2.0 x 10(-3) (1.9 x 10(-4)) on day 10, 1.3 x 10(-3) (1.7 x 10(-4)) on day 30 and 3.6 x 10(-4) (8.3 x 10(-5)) Bq d(-1) on day 100, respectively. The resulting committed effective doses range from 2.1 x 10(-3) to 1.7 x 10(-2) mSv by an assumption of ingestion and from 5.5 x 10(-2) to 4.5 x 10(-1) mSv by inhalation. For the case of Mr. Litvinenko, the mean organ absorbed dose as a function of time was calculated using both the above stated models. The red bone marrow, the kidneys and the liver were considered as the critical organs. Assuming a value of lethal absorbed dose of 5 Gy to the bone marrow, 6 Gy to the kidneys and 8 Gy to the liver, the amount of (210)Po which Mr. Litvinenko might have ingested is therefore estimated to range from 27 to 1,408 MBq, i.e 0.2-8.5 microg, depending on the modality of intake and on different assumptions about blood absorption.
亚历山大·利特维年科先生于2006年11月在伦敦离奇死亡，极有可能是被钋 - 210（²¹⁰Po）毒害，此事引起了公众对这种高放射性毒性同位素在人体中的动力学、剂量学及风险的关注。在本文中，对七名可能接触过微量²¹⁰Po的人员的尿液排泄情况进行了监测。在GSF放射分析实验室测得的值处于自然本底浓度范围内。为评估这些人员所接受的有效剂量，利用国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的钋（Po）生物动力学模型以及Leggett和Eckerman（L&E）最近发表的模型，计算了急性摄入和吸入²¹⁰Po后器官当量剂量和有效剂量随时间的变化情况。基于ICRP和L&E模型，对公众成员的摄入（吸入）有效剂量与每日尿液排泄转换因子进行了评估。一天内单位摄入量的摄入（吸入）有效剂量为1.7×10⁻⁸（1.4×10⁻⁷）Sv Bq⁻¹，10天内为2.0×10⁻⁷（9.6×10⁻⁷）Sv Bq⁻¹，30天内为5.2×10⁻⁷（2.0×10⁻⁶）Sv Bq⁻¹，100天内为1.0×10⁻⁶（3.0×10⁻⁶）Sv Bq⁻¹。急性摄入（吸入）1 Bq²¹⁰Po后第1天的每日尿液排泄量分别为1.1×10⁻³（1.0×10⁻⁴），第10天为2.0×10⁻³（1.9×10⁻⁴），第30天为1.3×10⁻³（1.7×10⁻⁴），第100天为3.6×10⁻⁴（8.3×10⁻⁵）Bq d⁻¹。假设摄入情况下，由此产生的待积有效剂量范围为2.1×10⁻³至1.7×10⁻² mSv；吸入情况下为5.5×10⁻²至4.5×10⁻¹ mSv。对于利特维年科先生的情况，使用上述两种模型计算了作为时间函数的平均器官吸收剂量。红骨髓、肾脏和肝脏被视为关键器官。假设骨髓的致死吸收剂量值为5 Gy，肾脏为6 Gy，肝脏为8 Gy，因此根据摄入方式以及关于血液吸收的不同假设，估计利特维年科先生可能摄入的²¹⁰Po量在27至1408 MBq之间，即0.2 - 8.5 μg。
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