Schwartz I L
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85724.
Am J Prev Med. 1991 Nov-Dec;7(6):363-73.
Sexual assault of women in the United States may have a prevalence rate of 25% or more. Moreover, the majority of survivors of sexual assault know their assailants. Consequences of assault may be severe and long-term, including fear and anxiety, depression, suicide attempts, difficulties with daily functioning and interpersonal relationships, sexual dysfunction, and a whole range of somatic complaints. Recent evidence implicates societal factors, such as acceptance of rape myths, rigid sex role stereotyping beliefs, and acceptance of violence as a legitimate means for obtaining compliance in interpersonal relationships, in the etiology of sexual violence against women. I present a model for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of rape. Primary prevention represents a program of anticipatory guidance in a developmental framework. Secondary prevention entails identification of and early intervention in dysfunctional families. Tertiary prevention consists of the appropriate treatment of the survivor of sexual assault to prevent or minimize subsequent physical and psychological problems. This preventive framework may be incorporated into the practice of clinical preventive medicine and primary care.
在美国，对女性的性侵犯患病率可能达到25%或更高。此外，大多数性侵犯幸存者认识其攻击者。性侵犯的后果可能很严重且长期存在，包括恐惧、焦虑、抑郁、自杀企图、日常功能和人际关系方面的困难、性功能障碍以及一系列躯体不适。最近的证据表明，社会因素，如对强奸谬论的认同、僵化的性别角色刻板观念以及将暴力视为在人际关系中获得顺从的合法手段，在针对女性的性暴力病因中起作用。我提出了一个强奸一级、二级和三级预防的模型。一级预防是在发展框架内的预期指导计划。二级预防需要识别功能失调的家庭并进行早期干预。三级预防包括对性侵犯幸存者进行适当治疗，以预防或尽量减少随后的身体和心理问题。这个预防框架可以纳入临床预防医学和初级保健的实践中。
