Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek Iwona, Niemcunowicz-Janica Anna, Janica Jacek
Z Zakładu Medycyny Sadowej AMB.
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol. 2007 Jul-Sep;57(3):294-7.
Neurologists distinguish two mechanisms of spinal cord injury (SCI): a closed injury and a penetrating injury. A mechanical damage to the spinal cord, particularly to its central segment, results in a secondary injury to the nervous tissue (such as ischemia and spinal cord edema). A neurological examination following SCI is primarily aimed at the injury assessment and evaluation on rating scales. The extent of injury is defined by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (modified from the Frankel classification). Neurologists distinguish several characteristic syndromes of partial SCI: the Brown-Sequard syndrome, central cord syndrome, anterior spinal artery syndrome, posterior spinal cord contusion and spinal cord concussion. The incidence of SCI is estimated at 25-35 persons per 1 million population, including 80-85% males. Sixty one percent of the injured parties are between the ages of 16 and 30 years. Nearly one half of SCI cases results from traffic accidents. The most frequently affected segments include the cervical spinal cord (C1-C8) level and the thoracolumbar (ThL) spinal cord.
神经科医生将脊髓损伤（SCI）的机制分为两种：闭合性损伤和穿透性损伤。脊髓的机械性损伤，尤其是其中心段的损伤，会导致神经组织的继发性损伤（如局部缺血和脊髓水肿）。脊髓损伤后的神经学检查主要旨在通过评分量表进行损伤评估。损伤程度由美国脊髓损伤协会（ASIA）损伤量表定义（该量表由Frankel分类法修改而来）。神经科医生区分了几种不完全性脊髓损伤的特征性综合征：布朗-色夸综合征、中央脊髓综合征、脊髓前动脉综合征、脊髓后挫伤和脊髓震荡。据估计，脊髓损伤的发病率为每100万人口中有25 - 35人，其中男性占80 - 85%。61%的受伤者年龄在16至30岁之间。近一半的脊髓损伤病例由交通事故导致。最常受影响的节段包括颈髓（C1 - C8）水平和胸腰段（ThL）脊髓。
