Stojer Joanna
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol. 2007 Jul-Sep;57(3):326-30.
This paper focuses on presenting the issue of the so-called penitential crosses, i.e. stone crosses with carved images of implements of crime. The author compares medieval homicide implements with contemporary ones. The result of this examination demonstrates that implements used to commit crimes in Middle Ages did not undergo substantial changes over the centuries, with the medieval sword, knife and battleaxe having been replaced by a modern knife and a hatchet. Penitential crosses are also presented from the historical perspective. The report describes legal and criminological aspects of penitential crosses, referring such aspects to contemporary penal regulations. Furthermore, this paper is illustrated with photographs showing penitential crosses with carvings of crime implements.
本文着重探讨所谓的悔罪十字架问题，即带有犯罪工具雕刻图像的石制十字架。作者将中世纪的杀人工具与当代的进行了比较。这项研究的结果表明，几个世纪以来，中世纪用于犯罪的工具并没有发生实质性变化，中世纪的剑、刀和战斧已被现代的刀和斧头所取代。文章还从历史角度介绍了悔罪十字架。报告描述了悔罪十字架的法律和犯罪学方面，并将这些方面与当代刑法规定相联系。此外，本文配有展示带有犯罪工具雕刻的悔罪十字架的照片。
