Bryant Richard A, Guthrie Rachel M
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Oct;75(5):812-5. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.75.5.812.
This study tested the proposal that negative appraisals represent a risk factor for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after trauma. Trainee firefighters (N = 68) were assessed during training (before trauma exposure) for PTSD, history of traumatic events, and tendency to engage in negative appraisals. Firefighters were reassessed 4 years later (N = 52), after commencing firefighter duty (after trauma exposure), for PTSD and depression using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale (E. B. Foa, L. Cashman, L. Jaycox, & K. Perry, 1997) and the Beck Depression Inventory (Version 2; A. T. Beck, R. A. Steer, & G. K. Brown, 1996). At follow-up, 12% met criteria for PTSD. Pretrauma negative appraisals about oneself accounted for 20% of variance in PTSD severity at follow-up. These data provide the first evidence that preexisting negative appraisals are a risk factor for PTSD.
消极评价是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）发病的一个风险因素。对实习消防员（N = 68）在训练期间（创伤暴露前）进行PTSD、创伤事件史以及消极评价倾向的评估。4年后（N = 52），在开始消防员工作后（创伤暴露后），使用创伤后应激障碍量表（E. B. 福阿、L. 卡什曼、L. 杰伊科克斯和K. 佩里，1997年）和贝克抑郁量表（第2版；A. T. 贝克、R. A. 斯泰尔和G. K. 布朗，1996年）对消防员进行PTSD和抑郁的重新评估。随访时，12%的人符合PTSD标准。创伤前对自身的消极评价占随访时PTSD严重程度变异的20%。这些数据首次证明，既往存在的消极评价是PTSD的一个风险因素。
