Jobson Laura, O'Kearney Richard T
School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Behav Cogn Psychother. 2009 May;37(3):249-66. doi: 10.1017/S135246580900527X. Epub 2009 May 1.
Accumulating research indicates posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a universal phenomenon. However, it remains substantially unknown as to whether the processes implicated in the aetiology and maintenance of PTSD are culturally similar.
This study investigated the impact of cultural differences in self on negative cognitive appraisals in those with and without PTSD.
Trauma survivors with PTSD and without PTSD from independent and interdependent cultures (N = 106) provided trauma narratives. Narratives were coded for negative cognitive appraisals (mental defeat, control strategies, alienation and permanent change) as in Ehlers and colleagues' previous work.
Replicating Ehlers and colleagues' work, trauma survivors with PTSD from independent cultures reported more mental defeat, alienation, permanent change and less control strategies than non-PTSD trauma survivors from independent cultures. In contrast, for those from interdependent cultures, only alienation appraisals differentiated between trauma survivors with and without PTSD. Those with PTSD had more alienation appraisals than those without PTSD.
The findings suggest cultural differences in self impact on the relationship between appraisals and posttraumatic psychological adjustment. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
越来越多的研究表明创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是一种普遍现象。然而，PTSD病因及维持过程在文化上是否相似仍基本未知。
本研究调查了自我文化差异对有和无PTSD者负面认知评估的影响。
来自独立和相互依存文化的有PTSD和无PTSD的创伤幸存者（N = 106）提供了创伤叙述。如埃勒斯及其同事之前的研究那样，对叙述进行负面认知评估（心理挫败、控制策略、疏离感和永久性改变）编码。
重复埃勒斯及其同事的研究，来自独立文化的有PTSD的创伤幸存者比来自独立文化的无PTSD的创伤幸存者报告了更多的心理挫败、疏离感、永久性改变且控制策略更少。相比之下，对于来自相互依存文化的人，只有疏离感评估能区分有和无PTSD的创伤幸存者。有PTSD的人比无PTSD的人有更多的疏离感评估。
研究结果表明自我文化差异影响评估与创伤后心理调适之间的关系。讨论了理论和临床意义。
