Savanur C S, Altekar C R, De A
TIFAC CORE in Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering, National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Mumbai, India.
Ergonomics. 2007 Oct;50(10):1612-25. doi: 10.1080/00140130701587350.
Children spend one-quarter of a day in school. Of this, 60-80% of time is spent in the classroom. Classroom features, such as workspace and personal space play an important role in children's growth and performance as this age marks the period of anatomical, physiological and psychological developments. Since the classroom is an influential part of a student's life the present study focused on classroom furniture in relation to students' workspace and personal space requirements and standards and was conducted in five schools at Mumbai, India. Dimensions of 104 items of furniture (chairs and desks) were measured as were 42 anthropometric dimensions of 225 students from grade six to grade nine (age: 10-14 years). Questionnaire responses of 292 students regarding the perceived adequacy of their classroom furniture were collected. Results indicated that the seat and desk heights (450 mm, 757 mm respectively) were higher than the comparable students' anthropometric dimensions and that of the recommendations of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (340 + 3 mm, 380 + 3 mm seat-heights, 580 + 3 mm 640 + 3 mm desk-heights) as well as Time-Saver Standards (TSS) (381.0 mm seat-height and 660.4 mm desk-height). The depth of the seats and the desks (299 mm, 319 mm, respectively) were less than comparable students' anthropometric dimensions and the recommendations of BIS (IS 4837: 1990). Students reported discomfort in shoulder, wrist, knee and ankle regions. Based on the students' anthropometric data, proposed future designs with fixed table-heights and adjustable seat-heights along with footrests were identified.
儿童一天中有四分之一的时间在学校度过。其中,60%至80%的时间是在教室里度过的。教室的特征,如工作空间和个人空间,在儿童的成长和表现中起着重要作用,因为这个年龄段标志着解剖学、生理学和心理发展的时期。由于教室是学生生活中一个有影响力的部分,本研究聚焦于与学生工作空间和个人空间需求及标准相关的教室家具,并在印度孟买的五所学校进行。对104件家具(椅子和桌子)的尺寸进行了测量,同时对225名六年级至九年级学生(年龄:10至14岁)的42项人体测量尺寸进行了测量。收集了292名学生关于他们对教室家具感知充足程度的问卷回复。结果表明,座椅和桌子的高度(分别为450毫米和757毫米)高于可比学生的人体测量尺寸以及印度标准局(BIS)的建议(座椅高度340 + 3毫米,桌子高度380 + 3毫米,座椅高度580 + 3毫米,桌子高度640 + 3毫米)以及省时标准(TSS)(座椅高度381.0毫米,桌子高度660.4毫米)。座椅和桌子的深度(分别为299毫米和319毫米)小于可比学生的人体测量尺寸以及BIS的建议(IS 4837: 1990)。学生报告在肩部、手腕、膝盖和脚踝部位感到不适。根据学生的人体测量数据,确定了未来带有固定桌面高度和可调节座椅高度以及脚凳的设计方案。