The use of double-dose proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for initial management of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms is common, though little evidence supports this practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether initial prescription of double-dose PPIs in outpatients with UGI complaints is superior to standard-dose PPIs prescription in reducing resource utilization. Patients in the Manitoba Health database prescribed double-dose PPIs were matched to individuals prescribed PPIs at standard doses. UGI-related inpatient and outpatient resource utilization and prescription drug usage were compared for both groups over the following year. Cases and controls had a similar duration of PPI use, and no difference in either UGI-related outpatient visits or UGI-related hospital admissions. Twelve-month UGI related costs were higher for double-dose PPI users. Initial therapy with double-dose PPIs does not reduce GI-related resource utilization. Prescription of double-dose PPIs as initial therapy for upper gastrointestinal symptoms should be discouraged.