Research Centre for Clinical and Community Practice Innovation, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
Aust Crit Care. 2007 Nov;20(4):132-6. doi: 10.1016/j.aucc.2007.08.002. Epub 2007 Oct 23.
Case studies, also referred to as case reports, have the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the body of literature that examines clinical care. A case study should not only describe, but also facilitate understanding and convey an educational message through explanation of the chosen aspect of care. A particular strength of the case study is that it describes the clinical decision-making that progressed throughout the care, rather than just the presentation of individual elements. Although often flexible, a case study should incorporate an introduction that presents the area of practice and outlines what is currently known from the literature. A clear and logical case description should then be provided, ensuring that essential elements of the history, current care and outcome of the patient are provided. The discussion should provide a critique of the care in the context of the known literature, including commentary on care that was not effective and exploration of possible reasons for this. Clear articulation of the educational message demonstrated throughout the case study should be evident. Case studies have the potential to make a substantial contribution to the body of knowledge in a specific area of clinical practice. Clear implications for practice and recommendations for future research are essential to ensure a strong educational message is conveyed through the report.
案例研究，也称为病例报告，有可能对研究临床护理的文献做出有意义的贡献。案例研究不仅应该描述，还应该通过解释所选择的护理方面来促进理解并传达教育信息。案例研究的一个特别优势是，它描述了整个护理过程中的临床决策，而不仅仅是单个元素的呈现。尽管案例研究通常很灵活，但它应该包含一个引言，介绍实践领域并概述从文献中已知的内容。然后应提供清晰、逻辑的案例描述，确保提供患者的病史、当前护理和结果的基本要素。讨论应根据已知文献对护理进行批判性评估，包括对无效护理的评论以及对此类护理无效的可能原因的探讨。在整个案例研究中清楚地阐明所展示的教育信息应该是显而易见的。案例研究有可能对临床实践特定领域的知识体系做出重大贡献。明确的实践影响和对未来研究的建议对于确保通过报告传达强有力的教育信息至关重要。
