Marko Nicholas F, Weil Robert J, Toms Steven A
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Expert Rev Proteomics. 2007 Oct;4(5):617-26. doi: 10.1586/14789450.4.5.617.
In genomics, the ability to amplify rare transcripts has enabled rapid advances in the understanding of gene expression patterns in human disease. The inability to increase the copy number and to detect the signal of rare proteins as unique species in biological samples has hindered the ability of proteomics to dissect human disease with the same complexity as genomic analyses. Advances in nanotechnology have begun to allow researchers to identify low-abundance proteins in samples through techniques that rely upon both nanoparticles and nanoscale devices. Coupled with rapid advances made in protein identification and isolation over the past decade, currently available technology enables more effective multiplexing and improved signal-to-noise, which enhances detection of low-abundance proteins in cellular and tissue lysates significantly. Techniques, including nanowires, nanocantilevers, bio-barcoding and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, permit the detection of proteins into the low attomolar range, where many biologically important cellular processes occur. In this review, we summarize several such techniques, highlight their implementation in current protein research and comment on their potential role in future proteomic investigations and biomedical applications.
在基因组学中，扩增稀有转录本的能力推动了对人类疾病基因表达模式理解的快速进展。无法增加生物样品中稀有蛋白质的拷贝数并将其信号作为独特物种进行检测，阻碍了蛋白质组学以与基因组分析相同的复杂程度剖析人类疾病的能力。纳米技术的进步已开始使研究人员能够通过依赖纳米颗粒和纳米级装置的技术来识别样品中的低丰度蛋白质。再加上过去十年蛋白质鉴定和分离方面的快速进展，目前可用的技术实现了更有效的多重分析并改善了信噪比，从而显著增强了对细胞和组织裂解物中低丰度蛋白质的检测。包括纳米线、纳米悬臂梁、生物条形码和表面增强拉曼光谱在内的技术，能够检测到低至阿托摩尔范围内的蛋白质，而许多具有生物学重要性的细胞过程都发生在这个浓度范围。在本综述中，我们总结了几种此类技术，强调它们在当前蛋白质研究中的应用，并对它们在未来蛋白质组学研究和生物医学应用中的潜在作用进行评论。
