Bai Fengju, Witzmann Frank A
Safety Sciences, Charles River Laboratories Preclinical Services, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Subcell Biochem. 2007;43:77-98. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5943-8_6.
Our knowledge of the complex synaptic proteome and its relationship to physiological or pathological conditions is rapidly expanding. This has been greatly accelerated by the application of various evolving proteomic techniques, enabling more efficient protein resolution, more accurate protein identification, and more comprehensive characterization of proteins undergoing quantitative and qualitative changes. More recently, the combination of the classical subcellular fractionation techniques for the isolation of synaptosomes from the brain with the various proteomic analyses has facilitated this effort. This has resulted from the enrichment of many low abundant proteins comprising the fundamental structure and molecular machinery of brain neurotransmission and neuroplasticity. The analysis of various subproteomes obtained from the synapse, such as synaptic vesicles, synaptic membranes, presynaptic particles, synaptodendrosomes, and postsynaptic densities (PSD) holds great promise for improving our understanding of the temporal and spatial processes that coordinate synaptic proteins in closely related complexes under both normal and diseased states. This chapter will summarize a selection of recent studies that have drawn upon established and emerging proteomic technologies, along with fractionation techniques that are essential to the isolation and analysis of specific synaptic components, in an effort to understand the complexity and plasticity of the synapse proteome.
我们对复杂的突触蛋白质组及其与生理或病理状况关系的了解正在迅速扩展。各种不断发展的蛋白质组学技术的应用极大地加速了这一进程，这些技术能实现更高效的蛋白质分离、更准确的蛋白质鉴定以及对经历定量和定性变化的蛋白质进行更全面的表征。最近，将从大脑中分离突触体的经典亚细胞分级分离技术与各种蛋白质组学分析相结合，推动了这一工作。这得益于许多低丰度蛋白质的富集，这些蛋白质构成了大脑神经传递和神经可塑性的基本结构和分子机制。对从突触获得的各种亚蛋白质组的分析，如突触小泡、突触膜、突触前颗粒、突触树突体和突触后致密物（PSD），对于增进我们对在正常和患病状态下协调紧密相关复合物中突触蛋白的时空过程的理解具有巨大潜力。本章将总结一系列近期研究，这些研究利用了既定的和新兴的蛋白质组学技术，以及对特定突触成分进行分离和分析必不可少的分级分离技术，以努力理解突触蛋白质组的复杂性和可塑性。
