Armitage Christopher J
Centre for Research in Social Attitudes, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
J Occup Health Psychol. 2007 Oct;12(4):376-90. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.12.4.376.
The effectiveness of worksite interventions to reduce smoking needs to be enhanced because randomized controlled trials to date have produced mixed findings. The present study tested the ability of social-cognitive variables to mediate the past behavior-future behavior relationship and the effectiveness of implementation intentions to break the past behavior-future behavior relationship in a brief theory-based worksite intervention designed to reduce smoking. Smoking behavior and psychosocial orientation to quit (operationalized by theory of planned behavior variables and temptations) were measured at baseline; participants (N = 90) randomized to the experimental condition were also asked to form an implementation intention in their place of work. Identical measures taken 2 months postbaseline revealed that intention was a potent mediator of the past behavior-future behavior relationship. More important, significantly more people quit smoking in the experimental condition than in the control condition. Decomposition of these effects showed that implementation intentions worked best for individuals who were more motivated to quit at baseline and suggest that harnessing both motivational and volitional processes might enhance the effectiveness of worksite smoking cessation programs.
由于迄今为止的随机对照试验结果不一，因此需要提高工作场所干预措施减少吸烟行为的有效性。本研究在一项旨在减少吸烟的简短的基于理论的工作场所干预中，测试了社会认知变量调节过去行为与未来行为关系的能力，以及实施意图打破过去行为与未来行为关系的有效性。在基线时测量吸烟行为和戒烟的心理社会取向（通过计划行为理论变量和诱惑来操作化）；随机分配到实验条件的参与者（N = 90）还被要求在工作场所形成一个实施意图。在基线后2个月采取相同的测量方法，结果显示意图是过去行为与未来行为关系的有力中介。更重要的是，与对照组相比，实验组中戒烟的人数显著更多。对这些效应的分解表明，实施意图对基线时更有戒烟动机的个体效果最佳，并表明同时利用动机和意志过程可能会提高工作场所戒烟计划的有效性。
