Majmundar Anuja, Cerrada Christian, Fang William, Huh Jimi
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Int J Behav Med. 2020 Oct;27(5):556-564. doi: 10.1007/s12529-020-09893-6.
To identify actionable and effective implementation intention (II) plans, we examined whether (a) IIs suggesting food or nicotine-based substitution strategies to help quit smoking cigarettes would be more likely to be enacted in real time, (b) IIs reminding participants to cognitively motivate themselves or engage in solitary activity would be more likely to be enacted than those suggesting seeking social support, and (c) II plan enactment based on the above strategies would be associated with reporting momentary lapse avoidance.
A sample of 57 Asian American young adult (18-25 years) smokers participated in a 4-week, mobile-based smoking cessation intervention, implemented in a Just-In-Time framework. User-specified IIs were categorized into nature of activity (cognitively motivate themselves, engage in solitary activity, seek social support) and type of substitution strategy (food, nicotine, no substitution). Outcome variable was momentary enactment of the given II. Generalized mixed linear models were used for analyses.
IIs reminding participants to cognitively motivate themselves and/or engage in solitary activities were more likely to be enacted than IIs recommending seeking social support. IIs recommending nicotine-based substitution were more likely to be enacted than IIs that did not specify any substitution. IIs suggesting food-based substitution, however, were less likely to be enacted than those not suggesting a specific substitution. II plan enactment based on the above strategies was significantly associated with avoiding momentary lapses compared to when momentary lapses occurred.
Specifying II recommendations found to be helpful with avoiding lapses in a smoking cessation context, can increase chances of II enactment, and improve overall health intervention outcomes.
为了确定可行且有效的实施意图（II）计划，我们研究了以下几点：（a）建议采用基于食物或尼古丁的替代策略来帮助戒烟的实施意图是否更有可能被即时执行；（b）提醒参与者进行认知激励或参与单独活动的实施意图是否比建议寻求社会支持的实施意图更有可能被执行；（c）基于上述策略的实施意图计划的执行是否与报告即时避免失误相关。
57名18 - 25岁的亚裔美国年轻吸烟者参与了一项为期4周的基于移动设备的戒烟干预，该干预在即时框架内实施。用户指定的实施意图根据活动性质（认知激励自己、参与单独活动、寻求社会支持）和替代策略类型（食物、尼古丁、无替代）进行分类。结果变量是给定实施意图的即时执行情况。采用广义混合线性模型进行分析。
提醒参与者进行认知激励和/或参与单独活动的实施意图比建议寻求社会支持的实施意图更有可能被执行。建议基于尼古丁替代的实施意图比未指定任何替代的实施意图更有可能被执行。然而，建议基于食物替代的实施意图比未建议特定替代的实施意图更不容易被执行。与出现即时失误时相比，基于上述策略的实施意图计划的执行与避免即时失误显著相关。
在戒烟背景下，指定有助于避免失误的实施意图建议，可以增加实施意图的执行机会，并改善整体健康干预效果。
