Temple Jennifer L, Giacomelli April M, Roemmich James N, Epstein Leonard H
Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
Appetite. 2008 Mar-May;50(2-3):390-6. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.005. Epub 2007 Sep 21.
Within-session decreases in instrumental responding to obtain food, consistent with habituation, have been reliably demonstrated in adults and children. This study tested the hypothesis that within-session decreases in instrumental responding for food are due to habituation rather than satiation. Thirty-eight 8-12-year-old children performed a computer-based operant task to earn points toward access to potato chips for 20 min, and for chocolate candies for the final 6 min of the session. Portion size of the food reinforcer (75 kcal vs 225 kcal) and food consumption (consumption/no consumption). There was no difference in the rate of response decrease between the two portion size conditions. Both the consumption and non-consumption groups showed response decelerations during the first 20 min, with responses in the consumption group decreasing at a faster rate. When the novel food was presented, participants in all conditions recovered responding. Although satiation may contribute to reductions in motivated responding for food when food is consumed, habituation provides a more complete explanation for the results observed in this study.
在成年人和儿童中，与习惯化一致的是，为获取食物而进行的工具性反应在实验过程中会减少，这一点已得到可靠证明。本研究检验了这样一个假设：在实验过程中，为获取食物而进行的工具性反应减少是由于习惯化而非饱腹感。38名8至12岁的儿童完成了一项基于计算机的操作性任务，在20分钟内通过赚取积分来获取薯片，在实验的最后6分钟获取巧克力糖果。食物强化物的份量大小（75千卡与225千卡）以及食物消耗情况（消耗/未消耗）。两种份量大小条件下反应减少的速率没有差异。消耗组和未消耗组在最初的20分钟内都出现了反应减速，消耗组的反应减少速度更快。当呈现新食物时，所有条件下的参与者都恢复了反应。尽管在食用食物时饱腹感可能会导致对食物的动机性反应减少，但习惯化能更全面地解释本研究中观察到的结果。
