Young H A, Bream J H
Center for Cancer Research, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007;316:97-117. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-71329-6_6.
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a key immunoregulatory protein that plays a major role in the host innate and adaptive immune response. Also known as type II interferon, IFN-gamma is a single-copy gene whose expression is regulated at multiple levels by the host. Transcription control is regulated through epigenetic mechanisms as well as the accessibility of chromatin and the binding of activating and inhibitory proteins to promoter and enhancer elements. Post-transcriptional control is mediated through mRNA localization and mRNA stability while post-translational control occurs through the activation of protein kinase R by the 5' portion of the mRNA, protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum and the possible interaction of the mRNA with microRNAs. The biological effects of IFN-gamma are widespread, as almost every cell type is altered upon interaction with this protein. Thus it has become very apparent that IFN-gamma is a multipotent cytokine whose regulation and effects are complex and essential to host survival.
干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）是一种关键的免疫调节蛋白，在宿主固有免疫和适应性免疫反应中起主要作用。IFN-γ也被称为II型干扰素，是一个单拷贝基因，其表达受到宿主多个层面的调控。转录控制通过表观遗传机制以及染色质的可及性和激活蛋白与抑制蛋白与启动子和增强子元件的结合来调节。转录后控制通过mRNA定位和mRNA稳定性介导，而翻译后控制则通过mRNA的5'部分激活蛋白激酶R、内质网内的蛋白质折叠以及mRNA与微小RNA的可能相互作用来实现。IFN-γ的生物学效应广泛，因为几乎每种细胞类型在与这种蛋白相互作用时都会发生改变。因此，很明显IFN-γ是一种多效性细胞因子，其调控和效应复杂且对宿主生存至关重要。
