Morrissey Colm, True Lawrence D, Roudier Martine P, Coleman Ilsa M, Hawley Sarah, Nelson Peter S, Coleman Roger, Wang Ya-Chun, Corey Eva, Lange Paul H, Higano Celestia S, Vessella Robert L
Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Clin Exp Metastasis. 2008;25(4):377-88. doi: 10.1007/s10585-007-9116-4. Epub 2007 Oct 31.
Our objective was to elucidate phenotypic differences between prostate cancer (PCa) liver, lymph node, and bone metastases. PCa metastases were obtained through a rapid tissue acquisition necropsy protocol. We grossly dissected metastatic foci from frozen samples and performed expression analyses using cDNA microarrays. Immunohistochemical analyses using a tissue microarray from thirty individuals with PCa metastases to lymph nodes, liver, and bone was used to confirm the gene expression changes associated with each metastatic site. Transcript alterations statistically-associated with bone metastases included increased expression of IBSP (Bone sialoprotein), F13A1 (factor XIII), and decreased expression of EFNA1 (ephrin-A1) and ANGPT2 (angiopoietin-2) when compared to liver and lymph node metastases. The metastasis-associated changes in proteins involved in coagulation and angiogenesis prompted further analysis of additional factors known to participate in the clotting cascade and blood vessel formation (angiopoitein-1, PAI-1, uPA, PAI-RBP-1 and hepsin). We also assessed tumor-associated microvessel density and distribution in liver, lymph node, and bone metastasis. Intense fibrin(ogen) and fibulin-1 staining was localized to epithelial cells at the periphery of metastatic tumors possibly to facilitate angiogenesis. The expression of hepsin, uPA, PAI-RBP1, PAI-1, and factor XIII may influence fibrinolysis and are regulated by the tumor microenvironment. The expression of angiopoietin-2 and apparent silencing of angiopoietin-1 in PCa bone, liver, and lymph node metastases may be critical for angiogenesis in this tumor type. In addition, the resulting tumor-associated microvessel density and distribution was significantly different between liver and bone metastasis possibly in response to the protein expression changes detailed above.
我们的目标是阐明前列腺癌(PCa)肝转移、淋巴结转移和骨转移之间的表型差异。PCa转移灶通过快速组织采集尸检方案获取。我们从冷冻样本中大体解剖出转移灶,并使用cDNA微阵列进行表达分析。使用来自30例有PCa转移至淋巴结、肝脏和骨骼的个体的组织芯片进行免疫组织化学分析,以确认与每个转移部位相关的基因表达变化。与肝转移和淋巴结转移相比,与骨转移有统计学关联的转录本改变包括骨唾液蛋白(IBSP)、凝血因子XIII(F13A1)表达增加,以及 Ephrin-A1(EFNA1)和血管生成素-2(ANGPT2)表达降低。参与凝血和血管生成的蛋白质的转移相关变化促使我们进一步分析已知参与凝血级联反应和血管形成的其他因子(血管生成素-1、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂、PAI-RBP-1和肝素)。我们还评估了肝转移、淋巴结转移和骨转移中肿瘤相关微血管密度和分布。强烈的纤维蛋白(原)和纤连蛋白-1染色定位于转移瘤周边的上皮细胞,可能有助于血管生成。肝素、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂、PAI-RBP1、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1和凝血因子XIII的表达可能影响纤维蛋白溶解,并受肿瘤微环境调节。血管生成素-2的表达以及PCa骨转移、肝转移和淋巴结转移中血管生成素-1的明显沉默可能对该肿瘤类型的血管生成至关重要。此外,肝转移和骨转移之间产生的肿瘤相关微血管密度和分布存在显著差异,这可能是对上述蛋白质表达变化的反应。