Hentschel Juliane, Ruff Ruth, Juette Frauke, von Gontard Alexander, Gortner Ludwig
Saarland University Children's Hospital, General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Am J Perinatol. 2007 Nov;24(10):611-8. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-992178. Epub 2007 Oct 30.
Infants born by caesarean section (CS) near or at term were observed to display spontaneous facial movements in their first minutes. We hypothesized that those are reproducible. Up to now, nothing was known about the significance, frequency, and determinants of such facial activity. Repetitive eye opening (EO) and tongue thrust (TT) actions were documented during 1 to 5 minutes, 5 to 10 minutes, and 1 to 15 minutes in 102 infants. In addition, 32 infants were recorded on video from minute 2 to minute 10. Infant- and maternal- influencing factors were noted and videos analyzed using Interact (Version 7.1, Mangold International, Arnstorf, Germany). According to our results, 99 of 102 newborns (gestational age, 33 to 42 weeks) performed EO or TT during the first 15 minutes. Preterm and infants with lower Apgar scores and infants born under general anesthesia showed less EO. Infants of smoking mothers, newborns admitted to special care, and infants with lower umbilical artery pH had significantly fewer TT episodes. Within a "normal" population of newborns of > 37 weeks at delivery (n = 57), 97% showed EO and 95% showed TT. In the filmed 32 newborns, infants began EO at 2:40 and TT at 2:34 minutes of life on average. Crying had no influence, but suctioning/intervention reduced EO frequency. In conclusion, EO and TT are occurring regularly during neonatal adaptation. TT seems to be an inborn automatic behavior; numerous occurrences of EO argue for neurological well-being. Both facial actions may initiate maternal-infant attachment.
观察发现，足月或接近足月剖宫产出生的婴儿在出生后的头几分钟会出现自发的面部动作。我们推测这些动作是可重复的。到目前为止，对于这种面部活动的意义、频率和决定因素还一无所知。在102名婴儿出生后的1至5分钟、5至10分钟和1至15分钟记录了重复性睁眼（EO）和伸舌（TT）动作。此外，对32名婴儿从出生第2分钟到第10分钟进行了视频记录。记录了婴儿和母亲的影响因素，并使用Interact（版本7.1，德国阿恩斯托夫的曼戈尔德国际公司）对视频进行分析。根据我们的结果，102名新生儿（胎龄33至42周）中有99名在出生后的前15分钟内出现了EO或TT动作。早产儿、阿氏评分较低的婴儿以及在全身麻醉下出生的婴儿出现EO的次数较少。母亲吸烟的婴儿、入住特殊护理病房的新生儿以及脐动脉pH值较低的婴儿出现TT动作的次数明显较少。在分娩时孕周大于37周的“正常”新生儿群体（n = 57）中，97%出现了EO，95%出现了TT动作。在拍摄的32名新生儿中，婴儿平均在出生2分40秒时开始出现EO动作，在2分34秒时开始出现TT动作。哭闹没有影响，但吸引/干预会降低EO的频率。总之，在新生儿适应过程中，EO和TT动作经常出现。TT似乎是一种与生俱来的自动行为；多次出现EO表明神经系统健康。这两种面部动作都可能启动母婴依恋。
