Zimmerman Frederick J, Christakis Dimitri A
Child Health Institute, University of Washington, 6200 NE 74th St, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
Pediatrics. 2007 Nov;120(5):986-92. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-3322.
Television and video/DVD viewing among very young children has become both pervasive and heavy. Previous studies have reported an association between early media exposure and problems with attention regulation but did not have data on the content type that children watched. We tested the hypothesis that early television viewing of 3 content types is associated with subsequent attentional problems. The 3 different content types are educational, nonviolent entertainment, and violent entertainment.
Participants were children in a nationally representative sample collected in 1997 and reassessed in 2002. The analysis was a logistic regression of a high score on a validated parent-reported measure of attentional problems, regressed on early television exposure by content and several important sociodemographic control variables.
Viewing of educational television before age 3 was not associated with attentional problems 5 years later. However, viewing of either violent or non-violent entertainment television before age 3 was significantly associated with subsequent attentional problems, and the magnitude of the association was large. Viewing of any content type at ages 4 to 5 was not associated with subsequent problems.
The association between early television viewing and subsequent attentional problems is specific to noneducational viewing and to viewing before age 3.
幼儿观看电视及视频/DVD的现象已十分普遍且时间较长。此前的研究报告了早期媒体接触与注意力调节问题之间的关联，但未掌握儿童观看内容类型的数据。我们检验了以下假设：早期观看三种内容类型的电视与后续注意力问题相关。这三种不同的内容类型分别是教育类、非暴力娱乐类和暴力娱乐类。
参与者为1997年收集的具有全国代表性样本中的儿童，并于2002年进行重新评估。分析采用逻辑回归，以经过验证的家长报告的注意力问题测量高分作为因变量，以按内容划分的早期电视接触情况及几个重要的社会人口统计学控制变量作为自变量。
3岁前观看教育类电视与5年后的注意力问题无关。然而，3岁前观看暴力或非暴力娱乐类电视与后续注意力问题显著相关，且关联程度较大。4至5岁观看任何内容类型的电视与后续问题均无关。
早期观看电视与后续注意力问题之间的关联特定于非教育类观看以及3岁前的观看。
