Yamazaki Yasuo, Morita Takashi
Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
Curr Pharm Des. 2007;13(28):2872-86. doi: 10.2174/138161207782023775.
In studies of blood coagulation and the vascular system, snake venom toxins have been indispensable in elucidating the complex physiological mechanisms that govern coagulation and the vascular system in mammals, given their potency and highly specific biological effects. The various components of snake venom toxins can be classified according to their mechanism of action, for example, serine proteases, metalloproteinases, Kunitz-type protease inhibitors, phospholipases A(2), (L)-amino acid oxidases, C-type lectin(-like) proteins, disintegrins, vascular endothelial growth factors, three-finger toxins, and cysteine-rich secretory proteins. Although the molecular structures of most toxins are not unique to snake venom toxins, venom proteins often exhibit marked diversity in their biological effects, despite their structural similarities. In this review, we identify several snake venom toxins capable of affecting blood coagulation and the vascular system, as well as various toxins from other organisms, including leeches and ticks.
在血液凝固和血管系统的研究中，蛇毒毒素因其强大的效力和高度特异性的生物学效应，在阐明哺乳动物体内调控血液凝固和血管系统的复杂生理机制方面发挥了不可或缺的作用。蛇毒毒素的各种成分可根据其作用机制进行分类，例如丝氨酸蛋白酶、金属蛋白酶、库尼茨型蛋白酶抑制剂、磷脂酶A(2)、(L)-氨基酸氧化酶、C型凝集素（类）蛋白、去整合素、血管内皮生长因子、三指毒素和富含半胱氨酸的分泌蛋白。尽管大多数毒素的分子结构并非蛇毒毒素所特有，但毒液蛋白尽管结构相似，其生物学效应却往往表现出显著的多样性。在本综述中，我们鉴定了几种能够影响血液凝固和血管系统的蛇毒毒素，以及来自其他生物（包括水蛭和蜱虫）的各种毒素。
