Postoperative wound infections after breast reductions: the role of smoking and the amount of tissue removed.

BACKGROUND

This prospective study followed patients who underwent breast reductions to determine the influence of smoking and the amount of tissue removed on postoperative wound infections.

METHODS

Patients who had received breast reductions were considered eligible for the study. The study excluded postbariatric patients and those with ongoing clinical infections, a recent antibiotic course, or systemic diseases that could impair tissue oxygenation. Smokers were instructed to quit smoking at least 4 weeks before surgery.

RESULTS

By March 2004, the study had enrolled 87 patients. Postoperative infections were present in 24 cases (27.9%). Infections included 16 in smokers (37.2%), 8 in nonsmokers (18.2%; p < 0.05), 14 in patients with large resections (>0.85 kg; 70%), and 10 in patients with small resections (14.9%; p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between the patients who experienced infections and those who were infection free in terms of the overall estimated cigarettes smoked (mean, 146,000; range, 29,200-228,125 vs mean, 10,950; range, 9,125-54,750; p < 0.001), the number of pack years (mean, 20; range, 4-31 vs mean, 2; range, 1-8; p < 0.001), and the amount of tissue removed (mean, 0.9 kg; range, 0.5-2 kg vs mean, 0.5 kg; range, 0.2-1.4 kg; p < 0.001). The analysis for all the patients determined an odds ratio of 2.04 for smoking and 4.7 for the amount of tissue removed.

CONCLUSIONS

Smoking and the amount of tissue removed are important issues in aesthetic breast surgery that need to be addressed accurately by the plastic surgeon. If future larger studies confirm these data, surgeons could have a simple and easy method for stratifying patients according to their risk for the development of wound infections and for prescribing specific preventive measures.