Androutsos Georges
Hist Sci Med. 2007 Jan-Mar;41(1):41-8.
Theophilus Protospatharius was a physician in the court of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius (610-641). His interesting medical manuscripts have been studied by many historians, although very little is known about his life. In Byzantium it was not unusual for prominent people to have many surnames according to their work, political status etc. For his piety two surnames were given to Theophilus : Philotheus (the person who loves god) and Philaretus (Virtuous). These last surnames gave rise to confusion and historians believed that two different medical men lived in Byzantium during the seventh century. Theophilus and Philaretus. This probably was the result of an error in the copies of ancient codes and erroneous translations to the old Latin manuscripts. These errors have been corrected after the studies of Corlieu who stated in 1885 that Theophilus and Philaretus were the same person. The written work left by Theophilus is very extensive. He continued the work of famous physicians of the Hellenistic period and contributed by his writings to the flourishing of the Medical School of Salerno which was founded on the 9th century D.C. Theophilus could be considered as one of the original forerunners of modern Urology.
西奥菲勒斯·普罗托斯帕塔里乌斯是拜占庭皇帝希拉克略（610 - 641年在位）宫廷中的一名医生。他那些有趣的医学手稿受到了许多历史学家的研究，尽管人们对他的生平知之甚少。在拜占庭，杰出人物根据其工作、政治地位等拥有多个姓氏并不罕见。由于虔诚，西奥菲勒斯被赋予了两个姓氏：菲洛塞乌斯（意为热爱上帝的人）和菲拉雷图斯（意为品德高尚的人）。这最后两个姓氏引发了混乱，历史学家们曾认为在七世纪的拜占庭有两位不同的医学家，即西奥菲勒斯和菲拉雷图斯。这可能是古代法典抄本以及对古老拉丁手稿的错误翻译中出现错误的结果。在1885年科利厄进行研究后，这些错误得到了纠正，科利厄指出西奥菲勒斯和菲拉雷图斯是同一个人。西奥菲勒斯留下的书面作品极为丰富。他延续了希腊化时期著名医生的工作，并通过自己的著作推动了公元9世纪建立的萨勒诺医学院的繁荣发展。西奥菲勒斯可被视为现代泌尿学的最初先驱之一。
