La Guardia Jennifer G, Ryan Richard M
University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
J Pers. 2007 Dec;75(6):1205-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00473.x.
Interest in intra-individual variation in trait expression across situations, contexts, and relationships, and the meaning of this variation for personal functioning has grown significantly. In this article we review this literature with an emphasis on (a) appropriate methods for identifying variations in trait expression and (b) the substantive meaning and sources of this variation. Self-determination theory suggests that people will express traits differently as a function of the degree of support for autonomy they experience in any given setting. Accordingly, autonomy support is shown to predict variations in Big Five trait expression and other stable individual differences such as attachment security and dependency. The discussion focuses on methodological issues in the study of variability and on why autonomy support may play a central role in explaining trait variability and its relation to well-being.
对于特质表达在不同情境、背景和人际关系中的个体内差异，以及这种差异对个人机能的意义，人们的兴趣显著增加。在本文中，我们回顾了这一文献，重点关注：（a）识别特质表达差异的适当方法；（b）这种差异的实质意义和来源。自我决定理论表明，人们会根据在任何特定环境中所体验到的自主支持程度，以不同方式表达特质。因此，自主支持被证明可以预测大五人格特质表达的差异以及其他稳定的个体差异，如依恋安全性和依赖性。讨论聚焦于变异性研究中的方法学问题，以及自主支持为何可能在解释特质变异性及其与幸福感的关系中发挥核心作用。
