Dick J E, Pflumio F, Lapidot T
Department of Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Semin Immunol. 1991 Nov;3(6):367-78.
The successful engraftment of human hematopoietic cells into immune-deficient mice offers a novel approach to characterize the developmental program of human hematopoiesis. While it is not yet possible to achieve high level engraftment of all human lineages, several methods have been developed to successfully engraft human lymphoid cells and reconstitute partial immune function. In addition to mature cell types, there is evidence that progenitors and perhaps stem cells can engraft the murine bone marrow. Recent work suggests that provision of exogenous human cytokines significantly increases the level of human cell engraftment and stimulates the development of multiple lineages. Progress has been made to establish animal models of human hematopoietic disease such as leukemia, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. One major challenge for the future will be reconstitution of mice with the entire human hematopoietic system.
将人类造血细胞成功植入免疫缺陷小鼠体内，为表征人类造血发育程序提供了一种新方法。虽然目前还无法实现所有人类谱系的高水平植入，但已开发出几种方法来成功植入人类淋巴细胞并重建部分免疫功能。除了成熟细胞类型外，有证据表明祖细胞甚至干细胞也可以植入小鼠骨髓。最近的研究表明，提供外源性人类细胞因子可显著提高人类细胞植入水平，并刺激多个谱系的发育。在建立人类造血疾病（如白血病、自身免疫性疾病和传染病）的动物模型方面已取得进展。未来的一个主要挑战将是用完整的人类造血系统重建小鼠。
