Knecht Stefan, Ellger Tanja, Levine James A
Department of Neurology, University of Münster, A. Schweitzer Str. 33, 48129 Münster, Germany.
Prog Neurobiol. 2008 Jan;84(1):85-103. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.09.003. Epub 2007 Oct 4.
Obesity reflects an imbalance between energy uptake and expenditure that is mediated by behavior. Obesity is a growing epidemic and a major risk factor for neurobiological diseases like stroke, dementia, intracranial hypertension and sleep disorders. Conversely, obesity can also be induced by neurobiological disorders and drugs. The etiology of obesity is complex and includes biology, behavior and environment. Physicians are faced with the need to manage obesity while strategies for prevention and sustained weight reduction are limited. Present treatment options comprise lifestyle modification, diet, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery. Considerable headway has been made into elucidating the neurobiological underpinnings of obesogenic behavior. There is now a growing understanding of the metabolic, hormonal and behavioral circuitries that contribute to the complex and redundant system for energy balance. Changing the net balance of this system to prevent or reduce obesity requires multimodal and long-term interventions.
肥胖反映了由行为介导的能量摄取与消耗之间的失衡。肥胖是一种日益流行的疾病，也是中风、痴呆、颅内高压和睡眠障碍等神经生物学疾病的主要危险因素。相反，肥胖也可由神经生物学紊乱和药物引起。肥胖的病因复杂，包括生物学、行为和环境因素。医生面临着管理肥胖问题的需求，而预防和持续减重的策略却很有限。目前的治疗选择包括生活方式改变、饮食、药物治疗和减肥手术。在阐明致胖行为的神经生物学基础方面已经取得了相当大的进展。现在人们对代谢、激素和行为回路的认识不断增加，这些回路构成了复杂且冗余的能量平衡系统。改变该系统的净平衡以预防或减轻肥胖需要多模式和长期干预。
