Robinson Gertraud W
Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 8, Room 101, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-20822, USA.
Nat Rev Genet. 2007 Dec;8(12):963-72. doi: 10.1038/nrg2227.
Mammary glands become functional only in adult life but their development starts in the embryo. Initiation of the epithelial bud and ductal outgrowth are coordinated through short-range signals between epithelium and mesenchyme. Studies of natural and induced mouse mutants in which early mammary development is perturbed have identified genetic networks that regulate specific steps in these processes. Some of these signals contribute to aberrant mammary development in humans and are deregulated in cancer.
乳腺仅在成年期发挥功能，但其发育始于胚胎期。上皮芽的起始和导管的生长通过上皮和间充质之间的短程信号进行协调。对早期乳腺发育受到干扰的天然和诱导型小鼠突变体的研究，已经确定了调控这些过程中特定步骤的基因网络。其中一些信号导致人类乳腺发育异常，并在癌症中失调。
