Lamb C R
Department of Surgery, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts.
Probl Vet Med. 1991 Dec;3(4):555-73.
Evaluation of the liver and biliary tract is one of the principal applications of abdominal ultrasonography in small animals. Indications include hepatomegaly, mass in the area of the liver, suspected hepatic metastasis, jaundice, ascites, suspected diaphragmatic rupture, and weight loss. Ultrasonography is a valuable method for evaluating the internal structure of the liver and biliary tract. Certain functional assessments also may be made, for example, measurement of induced gallbladder emptying after cholecystokinin injection. Limitations of ultrasonography include lack of specificity for focal or multifocal hepatic lesions and insensitivity for certain infiltrative diseases, such as lymphosarcoma. These limitations contribute to diagnostic difficulties, which are adequately addressed only by biopsy. The technique of ultrasound-guided biopsy is described briefly.
肝脏和胆道评估是腹部超声在小动物中的主要应用之一。适应证包括肝肿大、肝脏区域肿块、疑似肝转移、黄疸、腹水、疑似膈破裂和体重减轻。超声检查是评估肝脏和胆道内部结构的一种有价值的方法。还可以进行某些功能评估，例如，注射胆囊收缩素后测量诱发的胆囊排空。超声检查的局限性包括对局灶性或多灶性肝脏病变缺乏特异性，以及对某些浸润性疾病（如淋巴肉瘤）不敏感。这些局限性导致诊断困难，只有通过活检才能充分解决。本文简要介绍了超声引导下活检技术。
