Isman Murray B
Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Pest Manag Sci. 2008 Jan;64(1):8-11. doi: 10.1002/ps.1470.
Botanical insecticides presently play only a minor role in insect pest management and crop protection; increasingly stringent regulatory requirements in many jurisdictions have prevented all but a handful of botanical products from reaching the marketplace in North America and Europe in the past 20 years. Nonetheless, the regulatory environment and public health needs are creating opportunities for the use of botanicals in industrialized countries in situations where human and animal health are foremost--for pest control in and around homes and gardens, in commercial kitchens and food storage facilities and on companion animals. Botanicals may also find favour in organic food production, both in the field and in controlled environments. In this review it is argued that the greatest benefits from botanicals might be achieved in developing countries, where human pesticide poisonings are most prevalent. Recent studies in Africa suggest that extracts of locally available plants can be effective as crop protectants, either used alone or in mixtures with conventional insecticides at reduced rates. These studies suggest that indigenous knowledge and traditional practice can make valuable contributions to domestic food production in countries where strict enforcement of pesticide regulations is impractical.
目前，植物源杀虫剂在害虫治理和作物保护中仅发挥着次要作用；在过去20年里，许多司法管辖区日益严格的监管要求使得除少数几种植物源产品外，其他产品均无法进入北美和欧洲市场。尽管如此，监管环境和公共卫生需求正在为工业化国家创造使用植物源产品的机会，特别是在人类和动物健康至关重要的情况下，如家庭和花园内外、商业厨房和食品储存设施以及伴侣动物身上的害虫防治。植物源产品在有机食品生产中，无论是在田间还是在可控环境中，也可能受到青睐。在本综述中，有人认为植物源产品在发展中国家可能会带来最大的益处，因为在这些国家，人类农药中毒最为普遍。非洲最近的研究表明，当地可得植物的提取物可以单独使用，也可以与传统杀虫剂以较低比例混合使用，作为有效的作物保护剂。这些研究表明，在那些严格执行农药法规不切实际的国家，本土知识和传统做法可为国内粮食生产做出宝贵贡献。
