Layer G, Riemann J F
Zentralinstitut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen gGmbH, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland.
Radiologe. 2008 Jan;48(1):26-32. doi: 10.1007/s00117-007-1584-7.
In Germany approximately 29,000 people died of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in 2002; the risk of getting CRC is 4-6% in Germany, rising with age from the 50th year of life. About one third of all people over 50 years of age have polyps with the potential for malignant transformation in the colorectum, which is a sufficiently high prevalence rate to justify screening. In contrast to most other cancer diseases, in the case of CRC it is possible to prevent the cancer and not only to detect it at an early stage. Application of the test for occult blood in persons between their 45th and 80th years can reduce the mortality of CRC by 14%. We can assume that already regular sigmoidoscopies with consistent performance of polypectomy when needed could reduce the incidence of CRC by 50-70%. There is no doubt that coloscopy is the technique of choice for secondary prevention, as it unites the possibility of complete diagnosis and treatment with a justifiably low level of risk. The economic advantages of an avoidance strategy compared with the treatment of CRC, which is certainly expensive, have been documented. On the basis of all the data reported, in the case of CRC preventive strategies can be emphatically recommended.
2002年，德国约有29000人死于结直肠癌（CRC）；在德国，患结直肠癌的风险为4% - 6%，从50岁起随年龄增长而上升。50岁以上的人群中，约三分之一的人在结肠直肠有发生恶性转化的息肉，这一患病率足够高，足以证明开展筛查的合理性。与大多数其他癌症疾病不同，对于结直肠癌，不仅可以在早期检测到，还能够预防。对45至80岁的人群进行潜血检测，可将结直肠癌死亡率降低14%。我们可以假设，若能定期进行乙状结肠镜检查，并在必要时持续进行息肉切除术，结直肠癌的发病率可降低50% - 70%。毫无疑问，结肠镜检查是二级预防的首选技术，因为它兼具完整诊断和治疗的可能性，且风险合理地低。与肯定昂贵的结直肠癌治疗相比，预防策略的经济优势已有记载。基于所报告的所有数据，对于结直肠癌，强烈推荐采取预防策略。
