Rykkje Linda
Helse Bergen HF, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2007 Dec;21(4):507-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00503.x.
This paper is based on a Norwegian study that addressed the importance of nurses understanding adoptive families' particular needs. The study aimed to provide a diverse picture of adoptive families' challenges and resources. It addressed adoptive families' experiences with welfare professions, particularly public health nurse services, and explored their need for support before and after adoption. This paper focuses particularly on challenges confronting 'transracial' families.
The qualitative research interview was used as the methodological approach. Nine couples of adoptive parents, four adoptive mothers, three public health nurses and four adult adoptees were interviewed. The analysis process was an ad hoc generation of meaning, and the data were systematically reviewed and categorized through an intuitive analysis style.
The study indicates that adoptive families manage their 'most common' challenges on their own, but the informants also spoke about a need for professional support and assistance in many cases. Recurring themes in the study were challenges linked to 'attachment difficulties', 'external categorization', 'grief' and 'the meaning of biological heritage and roots'. Findings indicate that there is a substantial demand for increased knowledge of adoptive families' special needs, not least in the public health nurse services; there is also limited knowledge within other welfare professions. Nurses particularly need to strengthen their understanding on how external categorization affects transracial adoptive families.
The study recommendations call for improved follow-up after adoptions. This can be met by establishing a special programme for adoptive families at maternity and child health centres. In addition, public health nurses can support adoptees in their teenage years through individual consultations.
本文基于一项挪威研究，该研究探讨了护士了解收养家庭特殊需求的重要性。该研究旨在全面呈现收养家庭面临的挑战和拥有的资源。它涉及收养家庭与福利专业人员，特别是公共卫生护士服务的经历，并探讨了他们在收养前后对支持的需求。本文特别关注“跨种族”家庭所面临的挑战。
采用定性研究访谈作为方法。对九对养父母、四位养母、三位公共卫生护士和四位成年养子女进行了访谈。分析过程是一种临时生成意义的过程，数据通过直观分析方式进行系统审查和分类。
研究表明，收养家庭自行应对其“最常见”的挑战，但受访者也表示在许多情况下需要专业支持和帮助。该研究中反复出现的主题包括与“依恋困难”、“外部分类”、“悲伤”以及“生物遗传和根源的意义”相关的挑战。研究结果表明，对增进对收养家庭特殊需求的了解有大量需求，尤其是在公共卫生护士服务方面；其他福利专业领域的了解也有限。护士尤其需要加强对外部分类如何影响跨种族收养家庭的理解。
该研究建议要求在收养后加强后续跟进。这可以通过在母婴健康中心为收养家庭设立特别项目来实现。此外，公共卫生护士可以在青少年时期通过个别咨询为养子女提供支持。
