Lee Stephen T, Cook Daniel, Panter Kip E, Gardner Dale R, Ralphs Michael H, Motteram Ernie S, Pfister James A, Gay Clive C
Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Dec 26;55(26):10649-55. doi: 10.1021/jf0723110. Epub 2007 Nov 27.
Several lupines (Lupinus spp.) present on western U.S. rangelands contain alkaloids that are teratogenic to livestock and cause congenital birth defects in calves (crooked calf disease). Periodically, large losses of calves due to lupine-induced "crooked calf disease" occur in northern Oregon and eastern Washington state. Five lupine populations from this area representing three species (L. leucophyllus, L. sulfureus, and L. sericeus) were evaluated taxonomically and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and the major alkaloids in each lupine species were identified. The teratogenic alkaloid anagyrine was present in both of the lupine species responsible for the high outbreaks in east-central Washington and northeastern Oregon. However, the alkaloid profiles of the two lupines identified as L. leucophyllus were dissimilar, as were the alkaloid profiles of the two lupines identified as L. sulfureus. Botanical classification is not sufficient to determine potential teratogenicity, and it must be followed by chemical characterization to determine risk to livestock.
美国西部牧场生长的几种羽扇豆（羽扇豆属）含有对家畜致畸的生物碱，可导致小牛出现先天性出生缺陷（弯腿病）。在俄勒冈州北部和华盛顿州东部，因羽扇豆引发的“弯腿病”，小牛时常大量死亡。对该地区代表三个物种（白花羽扇豆、硫黄羽扇豆和绢毛羽扇豆）的五个羽扇豆种群进行了分类学评估，并采用气相色谱/质谱法进行分析，确定了每个羽扇豆物种中的主要生物碱。致畸生物碱安那吉碱存在于华盛顿州中东部和俄勒冈州东北部引发高发疫情的两种羽扇豆中。然而，鉴定为白花羽扇豆的两种羽扇豆的生物碱谱不同，鉴定为硫黄羽扇豆的两种羽扇豆的生物碱谱也不同。植物分类不足以确定潜在致畸性，还必须进行化学特征分析以确定对家畜的风险。
