Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA.
Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT, 84341, USA.
Toxicon. 2024 Sep;248:108053. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108053. Epub 2024 Jul 30.
Lupines (Lupinus spp.) are a common plant species on western U.S. rangelands with several lupine species containing alkaloids that can be toxic and/or teratogenic to livestock. In North America, more than 150 lupine species are recognized with some ranches or grazing allotments containing multiple species. One or more of these lupine species may contain alkaloids that are teratogenic to cattle. Previous work has shown that lupine alkaloids can be detected in earwax of cattle grazing lupine infested rangelands. Our hypothesis is that earwax can be used to determine if cattle have been exposed to teratogenic alkaloids from multiple lupine species. Two lupine species, L. sericeus and L. polyphyllus, were present on a rangeland in east-central Idaho. The teratogen, anagyrine, was detected in L. sericeus and the teratogen, ammodendrine, was detected in L. polyphyllus plants collected on this rangeland. In this study, earwax was collected from 69 pregnant cows that had previously grazed a rangeland containing two different lupine species containing alkaloids that cause crooked calf syndrome (CCS). Anagyrine was detected in the earwax of all 69 cows sampled. Ammodendrine, was detected in the earwax of 28 of the 69 cows sampled. Earwax is a good non-invasive sample to aid in the diagnosis of cattle that have consumed lupine and does appear, in this case, to be a good diagnostic tool to differentiate between more than one lupine species that may be the cause of CCS. Concentrations of anagyrine or ammodendrine did not correlate with the incidence of CCS.
羽扇豆（Lupinus spp.）是美国西部牧场常见的植物物种，有几种羽扇豆含有生物碱，这些生物碱可能对牲畜有毒性和/或致畸性。在北美，有超过 150 种羽扇豆被识别出来，有些牧场或放牧地可能含有多种物种。其中一种或多种羽扇豆可能含有对牛致畸的生物碱。以前的工作表明，在放牧受羽扇豆侵染牧场的牛的耳垢中可以检测到羽扇豆生物碱。我们的假设是，耳垢可以用来确定牛是否接触过来自多种羽扇豆物种的致畸生物碱。两种羽扇豆物种，L. sericeus 和 L. polyphyllus，存在于爱达荷州中东部的一个牧场上。致畸原，阿纳吉林，在 L. sericeus 中被检测到，而致畸原，阿莫代林，在采集自该牧场的 L. polyphyllus 植物中被检测到。在这项研究中，从 69 头先前在含有两种引起畸形小牛综合征（CCS）的生物碱的羽扇豆牧场放牧的怀孕奶牛中采集了耳垢。在所有 69 头被采样的奶牛的耳垢中都检测到了阿纳吉林。在 69 头被采样的奶牛中，有 28 头的耳垢中检测到了阿莫代林。耳垢是一种很好的非侵入性样本，可以帮助诊断食用羽扇豆的牛，而且在这种情况下，它似乎是一种很好的诊断工具，可以区分可能导致 CCS 的一种以上的羽扇豆物种。阿纳吉林或阿莫代林的浓度与 CCS 的发病率无关。
