Timaeus Ian M, Boler Tania
Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
AIDS. 2007 Nov;21 Suppl 7:S83-93. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000300539.35720.a0.
To examine the progress in their schooling of maternal and paternal orphans in a province of South Africa with high AIDS mortality and contrast it with that of both children who lived in different households from their parents and children who resided with their parents.
The KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study is a panel of households first interviewed in 1993. The 1998 and 2004 waves of fieldwork collected 5477 reports on children aged 8-20 years. We studied the determinants of the proportion of these children who had completed 2+ grades fewer than expected for their year of birth using both household fixed-effects models and difference-in-difference models fitted to children reported on twice.
Co-residence with a well-educated mother benefited children's schooling, but the fixed-effects models provide no evidence that maternal orphanhood or living apart from their mother adversely affected children's schooling. In contrast, both paternal orphanhood and belonging to a different household from one's father resulted in slower progress at school. Although absence of the father was associated with household poverty, this was not why it was associated with falling behind at school.
Both the substantial benefits of living with their fathers for children's schooling and the limited importance of maternal orphanhood conflict with the results of most studies in this issue, including those of other research in the same part of South Africa. These findings caution against drawing general conclusions about the impact of the AIDS epidemic from a few studies of geographically localized populations.
在南非一个艾滋病死亡率高的省份，考察母婴孤儿和父婴孤儿的学业进展情况，并将其与那些与父母居住在不同家庭的孩子以及与父母同住的孩子的学业进展情况进行对比。
夸祖鲁 - 纳塔尔省收入动态研究是一个家庭小组，于1993年首次接受访谈。1998年和2004年的实地调查收集了5477份关于8至20岁儿童的报告。我们使用家庭固定效应模型和针对被报告两次的儿童拟合的差分模型，研究了这些儿童中完成的年级比其出生年份预期少2个及以上年级的比例的决定因素。
与受过良好教育的母亲同住对孩子的学业有益，但固定效应模型没有提供证据表明成为母婴孤儿或与母亲分开生活会对孩子的学业产生不利影响。相比之下，成为父婴孤儿以及与父亲不在同一个家庭都会导致学业进展较慢。虽然父亲不在家与家庭贫困有关，但这并不是它与学业落后相关的原因。
与父亲同住对孩子学业有显著益处，以及母婴孤儿的影响有限，这与该问题的大多数研究结果相冲突，包括南非同一地区的其他研究结果。这些发现提醒人们不要从少数针对局部地区人群的研究中得出关于艾滋病流行影响的一般性结论。
