Hamida Sami Ben, Plute Erin, Cosquer Brigitte, Kelche Christian, Jones Byron C, Cassel Jean-Christophe
LINC UMR 7191, CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Fédérératif de Recherche 37-GDR CNRS 2905, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 Mar;197(1):67-82. doi: 10.1007/s00213-007-1007-5. Epub 2007 Nov 27.
(+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is often taken recreationally with ethanol (EtOH). In rats, EtOH may potentiate MDMA-induced hyperactivity, but attenuate hyperthermia.
Experiment 1 compared the interactions between EtOH (1.5 g/kg) and MDMA (6.6 mg/kg) with EtOH + cocaine (COCA; 10 mg/kg) and EtOH + amphetamine (AMPH; 1 mg/kg) on locomotor activity and thermoregulation. Experiment 2 used a weaker dose of MDMA (3.3 mg/kg) and larger doses of COCA (20 mg/kg) and AMPH (2 mg/kg).
Drug treatments were administered on four occasions (2, 5, and 2 days apart, respectively; experiment 1) or two (2 days apart; experiment 2).
All psychostimulants increased activity, and EtOH markedly increased the effect of MDMA. AMPH alone-related hyperactivity showed modest sensitization across treatment days, while MDMA + EtOH activity showed marked sensitization. AMPH, COCA, and MDMA induced hyperthermia of comparable amplitude (+1 to +1.5 degrees C). Co-treatment with EtOH and AMPH (1 mg/kg) or COCA (10 mg/kg) produced hypothermia greater than that produced by EtOH alone. Conversely, EtOH attenuated MDMA-related hyperthermia, an effect increasing across treatment days. These results demonstrate that the interaction between MDMA and EtOH may be different from the interaction between EtOH and AMPH or COCA.
Because of potential health-related consequences of such polydrug misuse, it is worth identifying the mechanisms underlying these interactions, especially between EtOH and MDMA. Given the different affinity profiles of the three drugs for serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine transporters, our results appear compatible with the possibility of an important role of serotonin in at least the EtOH-induced potentiation of MDMA-induced hyperlocomotion.
（±）-3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺（摇头丸，摇头丸）常与乙醇（EtOH）一起用于娱乐目的。在大鼠中，乙醇可能会增强摇头丸引起的多动，但会减轻体温过高。
实验1比较了乙醇（1.5克/千克）和摇头丸（6.6毫克/千克）与乙醇+可卡因（COCA；10毫克/千克）和乙醇+苯丙胺（AMPH；1毫克/千克）在运动活动和体温调节方面的相互作用。实验2使用了较低剂量的摇头丸（3.3毫克/千克）和较高剂量的可卡因（20毫克/千克）和苯丙胺（2毫克/千克）。
药物治疗分别进行四次（分别间隔2、5和2天；实验1）或两次（间隔2天；实验2）。
所有精神兴奋剂均增加了活动量，乙醇显著增强了摇头丸的作用。单独使用苯丙胺相关的多动在各治疗日显示出适度的敏感化，而摇头丸+乙醇的活动则显示出明显的敏感化。苯丙胺、可卡因和摇头丸引起的体温过高幅度相当（+1至+1.5摄氏度）。乙醇与苯丙胺（1毫克/千克）或可卡因（10毫克/千克）联合治疗产生的体温过低比单独使用乙醇产生的更严重。相反，乙醇减轻了摇头丸相关的体温过高，这种作用在各治疗日逐渐增强。这些结果表明，摇头丸与乙醇之间的相互作用可能不同于乙醇与苯丙胺或可卡因之间的相互作用。
由于这种多药滥用可能对健康产生潜在后果，因此有必要确定这些相互作用的潜在机制，特别是乙醇与摇头丸之间的相互作用。鉴于这三种药物对5-羟色胺、多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素转运体的亲和力不同，我们的结果似乎与5-羟色胺在至少乙醇诱导的摇头丸诱导的过度运动增强中起重要作用的可能性相符。
