Flisser A, Gyorkos T W
Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico.
Parasite Immunol. 2007 Dec;29(12):637-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00981.x.
Cysticercosis is acquired when swine ingest human faeces contaminated with Taenia solium eggs. Humans become tapeworm carriers when they ingest infected pork meat. They can also develop cysticercosis after inadvertently swallowing T. solium eggs. Human neurocysticercosis (NCC) is considered as a public health problem in Mexico and in several countries around the world, mainly developing ones. The development of immunodiagnostic techniques has promoted the conduct of seroepidemiological studies. This review provides insight into the evolution of these techniques, their predictive values and their use in field studies, and summarizes evidence supporting health care practice and policy related to cysticercosis/taeniosis in Mexico. Serological studies in rural and urban settings have demonstrated that close proximity with a tapeworm carrier is the main risk factor for acquiring cysticercosis. Research focusing on the tapeworm carrier generated an ELISA for the detection of Taenia coproantigens and facilitated the evaluation of intervention measures. Health education and self-identification of tapeworm carriers were shown to be successful. However, cestodial treatment as a community-based intervention was not as successful. Current immunodiagnostic techniques can be used to pinpoint transmission foci so that appropriate and effective interventions can be applied. In this way, sustainable control, and even eradication of T. solium may be envisioned.
猪摄入被猪带绦虫卵污染的人类粪便后会感染囊尾蚴病。人类摄入受感染的猪肉后会成为绦虫携带者。他们在无意中吞食猪带绦虫卵后也可能患上囊尾蚴病。人类神经囊尾蚴病（NCC）在墨西哥和世界上其他几个国家，主要是发展中国家，被视为一个公共卫生问题。免疫诊断技术的发展推动了血清流行病学研究的开展。本综述深入探讨了这些技术的演变、它们的预测价值及其在现场研究中的应用，并总结了支持墨西哥与囊尾蚴病/绦虫病相关的医疗保健实践和政策的证据。农村和城市地区的血清学研究表明，与绦虫携带者密切接触是感染囊尾蚴病的主要危险因素。针对绦虫携带者的研究产生了一种用于检测绦虫粪便抗原的酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA），并有助于评估干预措施。健康教育和绦虫携带者的自我识别已被证明是成功的。然而，作为一种基于社区的干预措施，绦虫治疗并不那么成功。当前的免疫诊断技术可用于确定传播病灶，以便采取适当有效的干预措施。通过这种方式，可以设想实现对猪带绦虫的可持续控制甚至根除。
