Stout Scott A, Liu Bo, Millner Glenn C, Hamlin Dyron, Healey Edward
NewFields Environmental Forensics Practice, LLC, 100 Ledgewood Place, Suite 300, Rockland, Massachusetts 02370, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Nov 1;41(21):7242-51. doi: 10.1021/es070909i.
Hurricane Katrina's storm surge displaced and damaged a 250,000 barrel storage tank causing a Nigerian crude oil blend (API 36.4 degrees) to be released and dispersed into the adjacent evacuated residential area by the retreating floodwaters. The subsequent environmental assessment involved sampling and chemical fingerprinting of nearly 15,000 wipe and soil samples collected both inside and outside of buildings to determine which properties were impacted by the spilled crude oil. Tier 1 qualitative analysis of gas chromatograms and Tier 2 quantitative (revised Nordtest-type) and qualitative (ASTM D5739-type) analysis of petroleum biomarkers revealed the extent of crude oil contamination-as well as the widespread occurrence of hydrocarbons derived from (i) lubricating, hydraulic, and transmission oils, most likely from vehicles in the flooded area, and (ii) allochthonous natural organic matter (NOM) from the surrounding bayous. Conventional oil spill fingerprinting protocols and two-component mixing models (crude oil/lube oil and crude oil/NOM) were used to confirm the presence of the spilled crude oil-even when mixed at low concentrations with other hydrocarbon sources-as a means to develop and govern a settlement and remedial program with the affected property owners.
卡特里娜飓风的风暴潮冲移并损坏了一个25万桶的储油罐，致使一种尼日利亚原油混合油（美国石油学会比重36.4度）泄漏，并随着退去的洪水扩散到附近已疏散居民的区域。随后的环境评估包括对近15000个擦拭样本和土壤样本进行采样及化学指纹识别，这些样本是在建筑物内外采集的，以确定哪些区域受到了泄漏原油的影响。对气相色谱图进行的一级定性分析以及对石油生物标志物进行的二级定量分析（修订的北欧测试类型）和定性分析（美国材料与试验协会D5739类型）揭示了原油污染的程度，以及源自以下两方面的碳氢化合物的广泛存在：（i）润滑、液压和传动油，很可能来自洪水淹没区域的车辆；（ii）来自周围河湾的异地天然有机物（NOM）。采用传统的石油泄漏指纹识别方案和双组分混合模型（原油/润滑油和原油/NOM）来确认泄漏原油的存在，即使其与其他碳氢化合物源以低浓度混合，以此作为制定和管理与受影响业主的沉降和补救计划的一种手段。
