Houtkooper Linda, Abbot Jaclyn Maurer, Nimmo Myra
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, PO Box 210038, Tucson, AZ, USA.
J Sports Sci. 2007;25 Suppl 1:S39-47. doi: 10.1080/02640410701607262.
Throwers, jumpers, and combined events athletes require speed, strength, power, and a wide variety of technical skills to be successful in their events. Only a handful of studies have assessed the nutritional needs of such athletes. Because of this, recommendations for nutritional requirements to support and enhance training and competition performances for these athletes are made using research findings from sports and exercise protocols similar to their training and competitive events. The goals of the preparation cycle of nutrition periodization for these athletes include attaining desirable body weight, a high ratio of lean body mass to body height, and improving muscular power. Nutritional recommendations for training and competition periods include: (1) meeting energy needs; (2) timing consumption of adequate fluid and electrolyte intakes before, during, and after exercise to promote adequate hydration; (3) timing consumption of carbohydrate intake to provide adequate fuel for energy demands and to spare protein for muscle repair, growth, and maintenance; (4) timing consumption of adequate protein intake to meet protein synthesis and turnover needs; and (5) consuming effective nutritional and dietary supplements. Translating these nutrient and dietary recommendations into guidelines these athletes can apply during training and competition is important for enhancing performance.
投掷运动员、跳跃运动员和全能项目运动员要在其项目中取得成功，需要具备速度、力量、爆发力以及多种技术技能。仅有少数研究评估了这类运动员的营养需求。正因如此，针对这些运动员支持和提升训练及比赛表现的营养需求建议，是依据与他们的训练和比赛项目类似的体育与运动方案的研究结果制定的。这些运动员营养周期化准备阶段的目标包括达到理想体重、提高瘦体重与身高的比例以及增强肌肉力量。训练和比赛期间的营养建议包括：(1) 满足能量需求；(2) 在运动前、运动中和运动后适时摄入足够的液体和电解质，以促进充分补水；(3) 适时摄入碳水化合物，为能量需求提供足够的燃料，并节省蛋白质用于肌肉修复、生长和维持；(4) 适时摄入足够的蛋白质，以满足蛋白质合成和周转需求；(5) 食用有效的营养和膳食补充剂。将这些营养和饮食建议转化为运动员在训练和比赛中可以应用的指导方针，对于提高成绩至关重要。
