Badgujar D M, Talawar M B, Asthana S N, Mahulikar P P
School of Chemical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001 (M.S.), India.
J Hazard Mater. 2008 Mar 1;151(2-3):289-305. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.039. Epub 2007 Oct 18.
Energetic materials such as explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics are widely used for both civilian and military explosives applications. The present review focuses briefly on the synthesis aspects and some of the physico-chemical properties of energetic materials of the class: (a) aminopyridine-N-oxides, (b) energetic azides, (c) high nitrogen content energetic materials, (d) imidazoles, (e) insensitive energetic materials, (f) oxidizers, (g) nitramines, (h) nitrate esters and (i) thermally stable explosives. A brief comment is also made on the emerging nitration concepts. This paper also reviews work done on primary explosives of current and futuristic interest based on energetic co-ordination compounds. Lead-free co-ordination compounds are the candidates of tomorrow's choice in view of their additional advantage of being eco-friendly. Another desirable attribute of lead free class of energetic compounds is the presence of almost equivalent quantity of fuel and oxidizer moieties. These compounds may find wide spectrum of futuristic applications in the area of energetic materials. The over all aim of the high energy materials research community is to develop the more powerful energetic materials/explosive formulations/propellant formulations in comparison to currently known benchmark materials/compositions. Therefore, an attempt is also made to highlight the important contributions made by the various researchers in the frontier areas energetic ballistic modifiers, energetic binders and energetic plasticizers.
炸药、推进剂和烟火剂等含能材料广泛应用于民用和军事爆炸领域。本综述简要聚焦于以下几类含能材料的合成方面以及一些物理化学性质：(a)氨基吡啶-N-氧化物，(b)含能叠氮化物，(c)高氮含量含能材料，(d)咪唑，(e)钝感含能材料，(f)氧化剂，(g)硝胺，(h)硝酸酯，以及(i)热稳定炸药。还对新兴的硝化概念作了简要评论。本文还综述了基于含能配位化合物的当前及未来具有研究价值的起爆药方面的工作。鉴于其环保的额外优势，无铅配位化合物是未来的选择。无铅类含能化合物的另一个理想特性是存在几乎等量的燃料和氧化剂部分。这些化合物可能在含能材料领域有广泛的未来应用。高能材料研究领域的总体目标是开发出比目前已知的基准材料/组合物更强大的含能材料/炸药配方/推进剂配方。因此，还试图突出各研究人员在含能弹道改性剂、含能粘合剂和含能增塑剂等前沿领域所做的重要贡献。
