Bae Jinhee, Schwab Kellogg J
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 615 N. Wolfe St., Room E6620, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Jan;74(2):477-84. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02095-06. Epub 2007 Dec 7.
Human noroviruses (NoVs) are a significant cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with contaminated drinking water a potential transmission route. The absence of a cell culture infectivity model for NoV necessitates the use of molecular methods and/or viral surrogate models amenable to cell culture to predict NoV inactivation. The NoV surrogates murine NoV (MNV), feline calicivirus (FCV), poliovirus (PV), and male-specific coliphage MS2, in conjunction with Norwalk virus (NV), were spiked into surface water samples (n = 9) and groundwater samples (n = 6). Viral persistence was monitored at 25 degrees C and 4 degrees C by periodically analyzing virus infectivity (for all surrogate viruses) and nucleic acid (NA) for all tested viruses. FCV infectivity reduction rates were significantly higher than those of the other surrogate viruses. Infectivity reduction rates were significantly higher than NA reduction rates at 25 degrees C (0.18 and 0.09 log(10)/day for FCV, 0.13 and 0.10 log(10)/day for PV, 0.12 and 0.06 log(10)/day for MS2, and 0.09 and 0.05 log(10)/day for MNV) but not significant at 4 degrees C. According to a multiple linear regression model, the NV NA reduction rates (0.04 +/- 0.01 log(10)/day) were not significantly different from the NA reduction rates of MS2 (0.05 +/- 0.03 log(10)/day) and MNV (0.04 +/- 0.03 log(10)/day) and were significantly different from those of FCV (0.08 +/- 0.03 log(10)/day) and PV (0.09 +/- 0.03 log(10)/day) at 25 degrees C. In conclusion, MNV shows great promise as a human NoV surrogate due to its genetic similarity and environmental stability. FCV was much less stable and thus questionable as an adequate surrogate for human NoVs in surface water and groundwater.
人诺如病毒（NoVs）是全球非细菌性肠胃炎的一个重要病因，受污染的饮用水是一种潜在传播途径。由于缺乏诺如病毒的细胞培养感染模型，需要使用分子方法和/或适用于细胞培养的病毒替代模型来预测诺如病毒的灭活情况。将诺如病毒替代物鼠诺如病毒（MNV）、猫杯状病毒（FCV）、脊髓灰质炎病毒（PV）和雄性特异性大肠杆菌噬菌体MS2，连同诺沃克病毒（NV）一起加入地表水样本（n = 9）和地下水样本（n = 6）中。通过定期分析病毒感染性（针对所有替代病毒）和所有测试病毒的核酸（NA），在25℃和4℃监测病毒的持久性。FCV的感染性降低率显著高于其他替代病毒。在25℃时，感染性降低率显著高于NA降低率（FCV分别为0.18和0.09 log₁₀/天，PV分别为0.13和0.10 log₁₀/天，MS2分别为0.12和0.06 log₁₀/天，MNV分别为0.09和0.05 log₁₀/天），但在4℃时不显著。根据多元线性回归模型，在25℃时，NV的NA降低率（0.04±0.01 log₁₀/天）与MS2（0.05±0.03 log₁₀/天）和MNV（0.04±0.03 log₁₀/天）的NA降低率无显著差异，与FCV（0.08±0.03 log₁₀/天）和PV（0.09±0.03 log₁₀/天）的NA降低率有显著差异。总之，由于MNV的遗传相似性和环境稳定性，它作为人诺如病毒替代物显示出巨大潜力。FCV稳定性差得多，因此作为地表水和地下水中人诺如病毒的合适替代物存在疑问。
