Howard Annabel F V, Omlin Francois X
Human Health Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) P.O. Box 30772, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
Acta Trop. 2008 Jan;105(1):67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.09.010. Epub 2007 Oct 18.
Fishponds become abandoned due to lack of access to both young fish and technical support and faster economic returns from other activities. Certain conditions found in abandoned fishponds, such as absence of fish and presence of aquatic vegetation, are conducive to the presence of malaria vectors. We conducted a district-wide fishpond census to determine the maintenance status and mosquito populations of fishponds in Kisii Central District in western Kenya. Two hundred and sixty one fishponds were found, 186 active (fish present) and 75 abandoned (fish absent). Vegetation was not significantly associated with the distribution of Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles funestus or culicines (Diptera: Culicidae) in active or abandoned ponds. The presence of fish, however, correlated significantly with the distribution of all mosquito species, with significantly higher mosquito densities in abandoned fishponds. An. gambiae s.l. was the most abundant mosquito species found in both active and abandoned ponds, being proportionally more abundant in the abandoned ponds. The proportion of An. funestus increased with altitude. Following the census the demand for fish to re-stock abandoned ponds rose by 67% when compared to the same time period in the previous year. This study highlights the potential public health problems associated with the abandonment of small-scale fish farming in the highlands of western Kenya.
由于无法获得鱼苗、技术支持，且其他活动能带来更快的经济回报，鱼塘被废弃。废弃鱼塘中存在的某些条件，如没有鱼但有水生植被，有利于疟疾病媒的生存。我们在肯尼亚西部基苏木中区进行了一次全区范围的鱼塘普查，以确定鱼塘的维护状况和蚊子数量。共发现261个鱼塘，其中186个为活跃鱼塘（有鱼），75个为废弃鱼塘（无鱼）。在活跃或废弃鱼塘中，植被与冈比亚按蚊复合组、嗜人按蚊或库蚊（双翅目：蚊科）的分布没有显著关联。然而，鱼的存在与所有蚊子种类的分布显著相关，废弃鱼塘中的蚊子密度明显更高。冈比亚按蚊复合组是在活跃和废弃鱼塘中发现的最丰富的蚊子种类，在废弃鱼塘中的比例更高。嗜人按蚊的比例随海拔升高而增加。普查后，与上一年同期相比，重新放养废弃鱼塘所需鱼苗的需求增长了67%。这项研究凸显了肯尼亚西部高地小规模养鱼业废弃所带来的潜在公共卫生问题。
