Oloo A J, Vulule J M, Koech D K
Vector Biology and Control Research Centre, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
East Afr Med J. 1996 Jan;73(1):50-3.
Malaria in Kenya has been characterised by marked variability in its epidemiology, partly reflecting the obstacles and progress made in the control strategies. The impact of anti-vector activities in the 1970s and before have been observed for variable lengths of time afterwards. Malaria has re-emerged in areas previously with little or no transmission. The recovery of infective Anopheles gambiae vector in higher altitudes affirms the potential for transmission in areas where epidemics have been known to occur. Morbidity and mortality patterns in the otherwise endemic lowlands have become increasingly severe, an observation which would be attributed to the increasing inefficacy of chloroquine. Efforts to promote personal protection suffer substantial setbacks in sustainability inspite of apparent acceptability. There are indications that the mosquito vector susceptibility to permethrin and other insecticides will now require continual monitoring in order to detect development of significant resistance. In this communication, we review some emergent issues in malaria transmission in Kenya and the potential for control as adduced from historical and contemporary perspectives.
肯尼亚的疟疾在流行病学方面具有显著的变异性，部分反映了控制策略所面临的障碍和取得的进展。20世纪70年代及以前抗媒介活动的影响在之后的不同时间段内都有所体现。疟疾在以前很少或没有传播的地区再度出现。在较高海拔地区恢复发现感染性冈比亚按蚊证实了在已知会发生疫情的地区存在传播的可能性。在原本疟疾流行的低地，发病率和死亡率模式变得越来越严重，这一现象可归因于氯喹疗效的日益降低。尽管个人防护措施看似可以接受，但在可持续性方面却遭受了重大挫折。有迹象表明，现在需要持续监测蚊虫媒介对氯菊酯和其他杀虫剂的易感性，以便发现显著抗性的发展情况。在本通讯中，我们从历史和当代角度回顾了肯尼亚疟疾传播中的一些新出现的问题以及控制的潜力。
