Connor-Smith Jennifer K, Flachsbart Celeste
Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5303, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Dec;93(6):1080-107. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080.
Personality may directly facilitate or constrain coping, but relations of personality to coping have been inconsistent across studies, suggesting a need for greater attention to methods and samples. This meta-analysis tested moderators of relations between Big Five personality traits and coping using 2,653 effect sizes drawn from 165 samples and 33,094 participants. Personality was weakly related to broad coping (e.g., Engagement or Disengagement), but all 5 traits predicted specific strategies. Extraversion and Conscientiousness predicted more problem-solving and cognitive restructuring, Neuroticism less. Neuroticism predicted problematic strategies like wishful thinking, withdrawal, and emotion-focused coping but, like Extraversion, also predicted support seeking. Personality more strongly predicted coping in young samples, stressed samples, and samples reporting dispositional rather than situation-specific coping. Daily versus retrospective coping reports and self-selected versus researcher-selected stressors also moderated relations between personality and coping. Cross-cultural differences were present, and ethnically diverse samples showed more protective effects of personality. Richer understanding of the role of personality in the coping process requires assessment of personality facets and specific coping strategies, use of laboratory and daily report studies, and multivariate analyses.
人格可能直接促进或限制应对方式，但不同研究中人格与应对方式之间的关系并不一致，这表明需要更多地关注研究方法和样本。这项元分析使用了从165个样本和33,094名参与者中提取的2,653个效应量，检验了大五人格特质与应对方式之间关系的调节因素。人格与广泛的应对方式（如参与或脱离）之间的关系较弱，但所有5种特质都能预测具体的应对策略。外向性和尽责性预测了更多的问题解决和认知重构，而神经质则相反。神经质预测了诸如一厢情愿、退缩和以情绪为中心的应对等有问题的策略，但与外向性一样，也预测了寻求支持。在年轻样本、压力样本以及报告特质性而非情境特定应对方式的样本中，人格对应对方式的预测作用更强。日常应对报告与回顾性应对报告以及自我选择与研究者选择的应激源也调节了人格与应对方式之间的关系。存在跨文化差异，种族多样化的样本显示出人格有更多的保护作用。要更深入地理解人格在应对过程中的作用，需要评估人格方面和具体的应对策略，采用实验室研究和日常报告研究，并进行多变量分析。
