Chopik William J, Rush Jonathan, Cerino Eric S
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University.
Department of Psychology, University of Victoria.
Psychol Aging. 2025 Jun 26. doi: 10.1037/pag0000912.
Personality is characterized by continuity and the capacity to change across the lifespan. Integrative personality frameworks imply that variability in daily life experiences has the potential to evoke longer term changes in personality over time. However, strong tests of this assumption across the adult lifespan are relatively rare. We examined the interrelations between changes in daily stress reactivity and changes in Big Five personality traits over a nearly 20-year period. Three measurement bursts from the National Study of Daily Experiences ( = 2,022; 55% female) each included daily measures of stressor exposure and negative affect across eight consecutive days (yielding 33,942 days of data across 18 years of adulthood). At each wave, participants reported on their personality traits (i.e., openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism). Multilevel structural equation modeling simultaneously modeled stress reactivity at Level 1; longitudinal changes in stress reactivity at Level 2; and the interrelations between changes in stress reactivity and changes in personality traits at Level 3. Higher reactivity at baseline was associated with lower levels of extraversion and conscientiousness and higher levels of neuroticism at baseline. Further, increases in reactivity across the 18-year period were associated with declines in extraversion, agreeableness, and openness. Changes in reactivity were not related to changes in neuroticism or conscientiousness. These findings clarify how changes in daily experiences are related to broader personality changes and inform integrative frameworks of personality development across the adult lifespan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
人格的特点是具有连续性以及在整个生命周期中发生变化的能力。综合性人格框架表明，日常生活经历的变异性有可能随着时间的推移引发人格的长期变化。然而，在成年期进行的关于这一假设的有力测试相对较少。我们研究了近20年期间日常应激反应性变化与大五人格特质变化之间的相互关系。来自全国日常经历研究（N = 2022；55%为女性）的三次测量波次，每次都包括连续八天的应激源暴露和负面影响的每日测量（在成年期的18年中产生了33942天的数据）。在每一波次中，参与者报告他们的人格特质（即开放性、尽责性、外向性、宜人性、神经质）。多层次结构方程模型同时在第1层对应激反应性进行建模；在第2层对应激反应性的纵向变化进行建模；在第3层对应激反应性变化与人格特质变化之间的相互关系进行建模。基线时较高的反应性与基线时较低的外向性和尽责性水平以及较高的神经质水平相关。此外，在18年期间反应性的增加与外向性、宜人性和开放性的下降相关。反应性的变化与神经质或尽责性的变化无关。这些发现阐明了日常经历的变化如何与更广泛的人格变化相关，并为成年期人格发展的综合框架提供了信息。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2025美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
