Hooper T L, Niinami H, Hammond R L, Lu H, Pochettino A, Ruggiero R, Stephenson L W
Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.
J Card Surg. 1991 Sep;6(3):387-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8191.1991.tb00335.x.
For skeletal muscle ventricles (SMVs) to be applied clinically, it is likely that they will have to be placed within the chest. Ease of subsequent connection to the circulation, and avoidance of significant lung compression, are factors that could influence SMV size and shape in a way that may prejudice their ability to pump effectively at physiological preloads. In five dogs, specially designed SMVs were constructed from the latissimus dorsi muscle, and placed in the apex of the left hemithorax. After a 3-week delay, the muscle was preconditioned electrically by 2-Hz continuous stimulation for 6 weeks. At a later thoracotomy, this positioning of SMVs permitted easy surgical access to the heart and great vessels. SMVs were then connected to a mock circulation device for functional evaluation. As right-sided pumps, at a preload of 10 mmHg, SMVs generated a stroke volume (SV) and stroke work (SW) exceeding that of the native right ventricle (SV = 8.9 +/- 0.8 vs 7.9 +/- 0.6 mL; SW = 0.44 +/- 0.03 vs 0.20 ergs x 10(6)). As left-sided pumps, also at a preload of 10 mmHg, SMV SV, and SW was roughly half that of the left ventricle (SV = 3.7 +/- 0.2 vs 7.9 +/- 0.6 mL; SW = 0.29 +/- 0.03 vs 0.57 +/- 0.05 ergs x 10(6)). SMVs may conveniently be positioned inside the chest, where they have the potential to function as left or right heart assist devices.
为了使骨骼肌心室（SMV）能够应用于临床，很可能需要将它们置于胸腔内。后续与循环系统连接的便利性以及避免对肺部造成明显压迫，这些因素可能会以某种方式影响SMV的大小和形状，从而可能损害其在生理前负荷下有效泵血的能力。在5只犬中，用背阔肌构建了专门设计的SMV，并将其置于左半胸的 apex 处。经过3周的延迟后，通过2赫兹连续刺激对肌肉进行6周的电预处理。在随后的开胸手术中，SMV的这种定位便于手术进入心脏和大血管。然后将SMV连接到模拟循环装置进行功能评估。作为右侧泵，在10 mmHg的前负荷下，SMV产生的每搏输出量（SV）和每搏功（SW）超过了天然右心室（SV = 8.9±0.8 vs 7.9±0.6 mL；SW = 0.44±0.03 vs 0.20 ergs x 10(6)）。作为左侧泵，同样在10 mmHg的前负荷下，SMV的SV和SW约为左心室的一半（SV = 3.7±0.2 vs 7.9±0.6 mL；SW = 0.29±0.03 vs 0.57±0.05 ergs x 10(6)）。SMV可以方便地置于胸腔内，在那里它们有可能作为左心或右心辅助装置发挥作用。 （注：apex此处疑为“心尖”，因未结合医学解剖全图，仅按常规理解翻译，具体含义需结合完整医学语境）
