Silbernagel Michael S, Short Sandra E, Ross-Stewart Lindsay C
Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Nov;21(4):1077-81. doi: 10.1519/R-20746.1.
Imagery is a cognitive process during which people use their minds to create (or recreate) experiences that are similar to real-life situations. This study examined how college athletes used imagery during weight training. Subjects were 295 Division I (n = 163) and Division II (n = 132) college student athletes (men: n = 138, women: n = 157) who participated in a weight training program as a requirement of their sport. They completed a slightly modified version of the "Weight Lifting Imagery Questionnaire." Results showed that appearance imagery (i.e., images related to the attainment of a fit-looking body) was used and considered the most effective followed by technique imagery (i.e., images related to performing the skill and techniques correctly with good form) and energy imagery (i.e., images related to getting "psyched up" or feeling energized). Other variables that effected imagery use were gender, age, time of season, and levels of motivation. In addition, gender, previous imagery training, and level of motivation had an effect on the perceptions of imagery effectiveness. Confidence in the ability to image was associated with both imagery use and effectiveness, and imagery use and effectiveness were associated with confidence in the weight room. The findings support previous research in exercise imagery that appearance imagery is most used followed by technique and energy imagery and extend them in such a way that strength coaches have practical advice on how to use imagery in a positive way with their athletes. Suggestions about how strength coaches can use imagery with their clients are provided.
表象是一种认知过程，在此过程中人们运用他们的头脑去创造（或重新创造）与现实生活情境相似的体验。本研究考察了大学生运动员在力量训练中如何运用表象。研究对象为295名一级（n = 163）和二级（n = 132）大学生运动员（男性：n = 138，女性：n = 157），他们作为其运动项目的一项要求参加了一个力量训练项目。他们完成了一份经过略微修改的“举重表象问卷”。结果显示，外貌表象（即与获得健美的身体相关的表象）被使用且被认为是最有效的，其次是技术表象（即与以良好的姿势正确执行技能和技巧相关的表象）和能量表象（即与“兴奋起来”或感到精力充沛相关的表象）。影响表象运用的其他变量包括性别、年龄、赛季时间和动机水平。此外，性别、先前的表象训练和动机水平对表象有效性的认知有影响。对表象能力的信心与表象运用和有效性都相关，并且表象运用和有效性与在力量训练房的信心相关。这些发现支持了先前关于运动表象的研究，即外貌表象使用最多，其次是技术和能量表象，并在此基础上进行了拓展，使得力量教练对于如何以积极的方式与他们的运动员运用表象有了实用的建议。文中提供了关于力量教练如何与他们的客户运用表象的建议。
