Anuar Nurwina, Williams Sarah E, Cumming Jennifer
a School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.
b Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2017 Nov;17(10):1319-1327. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1377290. Epub 2017 Sep 26.
The present study aimed to examine whether physical and environment elements of PETTLEP imagery relate to the ability to image five types of sport imagery (i.e. skill, strategy, goal, affect and mastery). Two hundred and ninety participants (152 males, 148 females; M = 20.24 years, SD = 4.36) from various sports completed the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ), and a set of items designed specifically for the study to assess how frequently participants incorporate physical (e.g. 'I make small movements or gestures during the imagery') and environment (e.g. 'I image in the real training/competition environment') elements of PETTLEP imagery. Structural equation modelling tested a hypothesised model in which imagery priming (i.e. the best fitting physical and environment elements) significantly and positively predicted imagery ability of the different imagery types (skill, β = 0.38; strategy, β = 0.23; goal, β = 0.21; affect, β = 0.25; mastery, β = 0.22). The model was a good fit to the data: χ (174) = 263.87, p < .001, CFI = .96, TLI = .95, SRMR = .09, RMSEA = 0.05 (90% CI = 0.03-0.05). Findings displayed that priming imagery with physical and environment elements is associated with better skill, strategy, goal, affect and mastery imagery ability. The findings extend models of imagery use by indicating that how athletes images may influence their imagery ability.
本研究旨在探讨PETTLEP意象的身体和环境要素是否与五种运动意象（即技能、策略、目标、情感和掌握）的成像能力相关。来自不同运动项目的290名参与者（152名男性，148名女性；M = 20.24岁，SD = 4.36）完成了运动意象能力问卷（SIAQ），以及一组专门为该研究设计的项目，以评估参与者在PETTLEP意象中融入身体要素（如“我在想象过程中做一些小的动作或手势”）和环境要素（如“我在真实的训练/比赛环境中进行想象”）的频率。结构方程模型检验了一个假设模型，其中意象启动（即最匹配的身体和环境要素）显著且正向地预测了不同意象类型（技能，β = 0.38；策略，β = 0.23；目标，β = 0.21；情感，β = 0.25；掌握，β = 0.22）的意象能力。该模型与数据拟合良好：χ(174) = 263.87，p <.001，CFI =.96，TLI =.95，SRMR =.09，RMSEA = 0.05（90%CI = 0.03 - 0.05）。研究结果表明，用身体和环境要素启动意象与更好的技能、策略、目标、情感和掌握意象能力相关。这些发现扩展了意象使用模型，表明运动员如何进行意象想象可能会影响他们的意象能力。
