Andrews Russell J
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Dec;1122:169-84. doi: 10.1196/annals.1403.012.
Nanoneurosurgery demands a departure from the traditional "excise what you can see and touch" role of neurosurgeons. Moreover, there is a conceptual leap necessary for neuroscientists as well as neurosurgeons in developing and applying nanotechniques to neurosurgery at the nanolevel. After introducing the realm of nanotechnology and some unique properties of nanomaterials, I review several of the nanotechniques in development that are most likely to affect neuroprotection at the nanolevel. These techniques include quantum dot "nanobarcode" labeling of cellular and subcellular entities, as well as nanotechniques for following enzymatic reactions in real time. Nanoscaffolds offer mechanical enhancement of neurorepair; carbon nanotube electrode arrays can provide nanolevel electrical and chemical enhancement. Even traditional "cut and sew" surgery is being taken down to the micron, if not nano, level for single axon repair, and the technology can use capillaries to deliver therapeutics to virtually any portion of the nervous system with greater than pinpoint accuracy. In this report, I use these nanotechniques to introduce the multiplex nanodevices under development.
纳米神经外科要求神经外科医生背离传统的“切除你所能看到和触摸到的东西”的角色。此外，对于神经科学家和神经外科医生而言，在纳米层面开发和应用纳米技术于神经外科领域需要进行概念上的跨越。在介绍了纳米技术领域以及纳米材料的一些独特性质之后，我回顾了几种正在开发中的、最有可能在纳米层面影响神经保护的纳米技术。这些技术包括对细胞和亚细胞实体进行量子点“纳米条形码”标记，以及实时跟踪酶促反应的纳米技术。纳米支架可增强神经修复的机械性能；碳纳米管电极阵列能提供纳米级的电学和化学增强作用。甚至传统的“切割与缝合”手术也在朝着微米甚至纳米级别发展，用于单轴突修复，并且该技术能够利用毛细血管以高于精确瞄准的精度将治疗药物输送到神经系统的几乎任何部位。在本报告中，我将运用这些纳米技术来介绍正在开发中的多重纳米器件。
