McDonnell Sharon M, Yassin Abdiaziz S, Brown Wayne G, Perry Helen N, Thacker Stephen B
Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Center for Evaluative Clinical Sciences-Educational Programs, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007 Sep-Oct;22(5):396-405. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00005112.
To assist field workers in program evaluation and to explicitly discuss program strengths and weaknesses, a practical method to estimate the effectiveness of public health interventions within the existing program capacity was developed. The method and materials were tested in seven countries (Afghanistan, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Uganda, Guatemala, the Philippines, and Ghana). In this method, four core components are assessed using a questionnaire: (1) the efficacy of the intervention; (2) the level of existing human resources (i.e., quality of recruitment, training, and continuing education); (3) the infrastructure (i.e., supplies, salary, transportation, and supervision); and (4) the level of community support (i.e., access and demand). Using the assessment tool provided, program staff can determine if all necessary elements are in place for a successful program that can deliver the specific intervention. Based on the results of the assessment program, weaknesses can be identified, explicitly discussed, and addressed. The usefulness of this tool in humanitarian relief may be twofold: (1) to assess the design and implementation of effective programs; and (2) to highlight the inevitable need for capacity building as the disaster situation evolves.
为帮助实地工作者进行项目评估，并明确讨论项目的优势与不足，开发了一种在现有项目能力范围内估计公共卫生干预措施有效性的实用方法。该方法和材料在七个国家（阿富汗、津巴布韦、坦桑尼亚、乌干达、危地马拉、菲律宾和加纳）进行了测试。在这种方法中，使用问卷对四个核心组成部分进行评估：（1）干预措施的效果；（2）现有人力资源水平（即招聘、培训和继续教育的质量）；（3）基础设施（即物资、薪资、交通和监督）；以及（4）社区支持水平（即可及性和需求）。使用提供的评估工具，项目工作人员可以确定一个能够实施特定干预措施的成功项目所需的所有必要要素是否到位。根据评估项目的结果，可以识别、明确讨论并解决不足之处。该工具在人道主义救援中的作用可能有两方面：（1）评估有效项目的设计和实施；（2）随着灾害形势的发展，突出能力建设的必然需求。
