McDonnell Sharon M, Perry Helen N, McLaughlin Brooke, McCurdy Bronwen, Parrish R Gibson
Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Center for Evaluative Clinical Sciences-Educational Programs, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007 Sep-Oct;22(5):406-13. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00005124.
Information is needed to support humanitarian responses in every phase of a disaster. Participants of a multilateral working group convened to examine how best to meet these information needs. Although information systems based on routine reporting of diseases are desirable because they have the potential to identify trends, these systems usually do not deliver on their promise due to inadequate organization and management to support them. To identify organizational and management characteristics likely to be associated with successful information systems in disaster settings, evaluations of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) programs in 12 participating countries were reviewed. Characteristics that were mentioned repeatedly in the evaluations as associated with success were grouped into nine categories: (1) human resources management and supervision; (2) political support; (3) strengthened laboratory capacity; (4) communication and feedback (through many mechanisms); (5) infrastructure and resources; (6) system design and capacity; (7) coordination and partnerships with stakeholders; (8) community input; and (9) evaluation. Selected characteristics and issues within each category are discussed. Based on the review of the IDSR evaluations and selected articles in the published literature, recommendations are provided for improving the short- and long-term organization and management of information systems in humanitarian responses associated with disasters. It is suggested that information systems that follow these recommendations are more likely to yield quality information and be sustainable even in disaster settings.
在灾难的每个阶段都需要信息来支持人道主义应对行动。一个多边工作组的参与者召开会议，探讨如何最好地满足这些信息需求。基于疾病常规报告的信息系统虽理想，因为它们有识别趋势的潜力，但由于缺乏支持其运作的组织和管理，这些系统通常无法兑现承诺。为确定在灾难背景下可能与成功的信息系统相关的组织和管理特征，对12个参与国的综合疾病监测与应对（IDSR）项目评估进行了审查。评估中反复提到的与成功相关的特征被归为九类：（1）人力资源管理与监督；（2）政治支持；（3）加强实验室能力；（4）沟通与反馈（通过多种机制）；（5）基础设施与资源；（6）系统设计与能力；（7）与利益相关者的协调与伙伴关系；（8）社区参与；（9）评估。讨论了每类中的选定特征和问题。基于对IDSR评估及已发表文献中选定文章的审查，为人道主义应对灾难相关信息系统的短期和长期组织与管理改进提供了建议。建议遵循这些建议的信息系统更有可能产生高质量信息，甚至在灾难背景下也能可持续运行。
